Beardfish

Beardfishes
Stout Beardfish, (P. nobilis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Polymixiiformes
Rosen & Patterson, 1969
Families
  • †Boreiohydriidae Murray & Cumbaa 2013
  • †Digoriidae Bannikov 1985
  • Polymixiidae Gill 1862
Synonyms
  • Polymixioidei Bleeker 1859

The beardfishes consist of a single extant genus, Polymixia, of deep-sea marine ray-finned fish named for their pair of long hyoid barbels. At present they are classified in their own order Polymixiiformes,[1] but as Nelson says, "few groups have been shifted back and forth as frequently as this one".[2] For instance, they have previously been classified as belonging to the Beryciformes. They are of little economic importance.[3]

They are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Ocean. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found down to about 800 m (2,600 ft) depth. Most are relatively small fish, although one species is over 40 cm (16 in) in length.[3]

Classification

  • Order Polymixiiformes Rosen & Patterson, 1969[4][5]
    • Genus †Cumbaaichthys Murray 2016
      • †Cumbaaichthys oxyrhynchus Murray 2016
    • Family †Boreiohydriidae Murray & Cumbaa 2013
      • Genus †Boreiohydrias Murray & Cumbaa 2013
        • †Boreiohydrias dayi Murray & Cumbaa 2013
    • Family †Digoriidae Bannikov 1985
      • Genus †Digoria Jordan 1923
        • †Digoria ambigua Jordan 1923
    • Family Polymixiidae Gill 1862 [Berycopsidae Regan 1911; Dalmatichthyidae Radovčić 1975; Omosomopsidae Gaudant 1978; Homonotichthyidae Whitley 1933]
      • Genus †Apricenaichthys Taverne 2011
        • †Apricenaichthys italicus
      • Genus †Berycopsia Radovčić 1975
        • †Berycopsia inopinnata Radovčić 1975
      • Genus †Berycopsis Dixon 1850 [Platycormus von der Marck 1900]
        • †B. elegans Dixon 1850 [Platycormus elegans (Dixon 1850)]
        • †B. germana (Agassiz 1839) [Beryx germanus Agassiz 1839; Platycormus germanus (Agassiz 1839)]
        • †B. pulcher Bannikov & Bacchia 2004
      • Genus †Dalmatichthys Radovčić 1975
        • †Dalmatichthys malezi Radovčić 1975
      • Genus †Homonotichthys Whitley 1933
        • †H. dorsalis (Dixon 1850) [Homonotus dorsalis Dixon 1850]
        • †H. elegans (Dixon 1850) [Homonotus elegans Dixon 1850]
        • †H. rotundus (Woodward 1902) [Homonotus rotundus Woodward 1902]
      • Genus †Magrebichthys Murray & Wilson 2014
        • †Magrebichthys nelsoni Murray & Wilson 2014
      • Genus †Omosoma Costa 1857
        • †O. garretti Bardack 1976
        • †O. pulchellum Davis 1887
        • †O. sahelaimae Costa 1857
        • †O. tselfatense Gaudant 1978
      • Genus †Omosomopsis Gaudant 1978
        • †Omosomopsis sima (Arambourg 1954) Gaudant 1978
      • Genus †Parapolymyxia David 1946
      • Genus †Pycnosterinx Heckel 1849 [Imogaster Costa 1857]
        • †P. discoides Heckel 1849
        • †P. dorsalis Pictet 1850
        • †P. heckelii Pictet 1850
        • †P. latus Davis 1887
        • †P. russeggeri Heckel 1849 [Homonotus pulcher Davis 1886]
      • Genus Polymixia Lowe 1836 [Dinemus Poey 1860; Nemobrama Valenciennes 1860 non Jordan, Evermann & Clark 1930]
        • P. berndti Gilbert 1905 (Pacific beardfish)
        • P. busakhini Kotlyar 1993 (Busakhin's beardfish)
        • P. fusca Kotthaus 1970
        • P. japonica Günther 1877 (Silver eye)
        • P. longispina Deng, Xiong & Zhan 1983 [Polymixia kawadae Okamura & Ema 1985]
        • P. lowei Günther 1859 (Beardfish)
        • P. nobilis Lowe 1838 [Nemobrama webbii Valenciennes 1837; Dinemus venustus Poey 1860; Polymixia nobilis virginica Nichols & Firth 1936] (Stout beardfish)
        • †P. polita Schwarzhans 2012
        • P. salagomeziensis Kotlyar 1991
        • P. sazonovi Kotlyar 1992
        • P. yuri Kotlyar 1982

Timeline of genera

QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousPolymixiaPycnosterinxDalmatichthysBerycopsiaBerycopsisOmosomaHomonotichthysParaipichthysAipichthysAipichthyoidesQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneCretaceousHolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneLate CretaceousEarly Cretaceous

References

  1. ↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Polymixiiformes" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
  2. ↑ Joseph S. Nelson. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-54713-1.
  3. 1 2 Paxton, John R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N., eds. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  4. ↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Polymixiomorpha – beardfishes and relatives". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  5. ↑ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  • Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
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