At-Tawba

Sura 9 of the Quran
التوبة
Al-Tawbah
The Repentance
Classification Medinan
Other names Al-Bara'ah ("The Repudiation")
Position Juzʼ 10 to 11
Hizb no. 19 to 21
No. of Rukus 16
No. of verses 129
No. of Sajdahs none

Sūrat Al-Tawbah (Arabic: سورة التوبة‎, "The Repentance"), also known as al-Barā'ah ("The Repudiation"),[1] is the ninth chapter of the Qur'an. It contains 129 verses and is one of the last Medinan chapters. It is the only sūrah of the Qur'an that does not begin with the basmala. This sūrah was revealed at the time of the Battle of Tabuk.

Verse 37 documents the prohibition of nasīʾ, the calculation of intercalation for the lunar calendar by the priests of the Banu Kinanah tribe of the Quraysh. This prohibition was repeated by Muhammad during the Farewell Sermon on Mount Arafat, which was delivered during the Farewell Pilgrimage to Mecca on 9 Dhu al-Hijjah AH 10.

According to Zayd ibn Thabit, when the Qu'ran was first being compiled, he found the last verses of this sūrah in the possession of Abu'l-Khuzayma al-Ansari and no one else.[2][3] In another account, Ubay ibn Ka'b informed Zayd that the Prophet taught him the end of this sūrah and recited the same verses.[4] Some, like Ibn Hazm, suggested that Abu Khuzayma was the only one to have the last verses in written form, as Zayd and others had memorized them.[4]

At-Tawba has the Sword Verse (9:5). Arun Shourie has criticized this and many other verses from the Qur'an. He says the sunnah and the hadith are equally evocative in their support of Jihad, which he deems to be the leitmotiv of the Qur'an.[5]

At-Tawba also features Verse 29, a verse that appears to promote jihad against "people of the Scripture" and as such is a subject of much debate.

Exegesis

In Kitab al-Kafi, Ja'far al-Sadiq has narrated that Imams are not needy to what people own but rather collect religious tax on accord that Allah said 9:103 Take from their wealth (religious tax) and charity by which you purify them and cause them increase and invoke blessings upon them. Therefore, it is the people who need that the Imam accept from them. [6].

See also

References

  1. ↑ Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2015). The Study Qur'an. New York: HarperCollins. p. 503. ISBN 978-0-06-112586-7.
  2. ↑ Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl Bukhārī, Sahih al-Bukhari, Peace Vision, 1971 p.1727.
  3. ↑ F. E. Peters, A Reader on Classical Islam, Princeton University Press 1993 p.180.
  4. 1 2 Ahmad Ali Al-Imam, Variant Readings of the Qurʼan: A Critical Study of Their Historical and Linguistic Origins, International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2006 pp.28-29.
  5. ↑ Shourie, Arun. Indian Controversies, Essays in Religion and Politics ASA Publications, New Delhi-110021
  6. ↑ Al-Kulayni, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ya’qub (2015). Kitab al-Kafi. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. ISBN 9780991430864. |access-date= requires |url= (help)


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