Anne Hazen McFarland

Dr. Anne Hazen McFarland
Born October 10, 1868
Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.
Occupation physician, medical journal editor
Language English
Nationality American
Alma mater University of Kentucky, Northwestern University
Subject study of the care of the insane
Spouse
Vincent Carroll Cromwell
(m. 1896; d. 1899)
,
J. Thompson Sharpe (m. 1901)
Children 2
Relatives Andrew McFarland

Anne Hazen McFarland, M.D. (after first marriage, Anne McFarland Cromwell; after second marriage, Anne McFarland Sharpe; October 10, 1868 – ?) was an American physician and medical journal editor.

Early years and education

Anne Hazen McFarland was born October 10, 1868,[lower-alpha 1] in Lexington, Kentucky. She was the daughter of Dr. George Clinton and Elizabeth Eliott (Bush) McFarland, also a native of Kentucky. Both the McFarland and Bush families were represented in the Revolutionary War. She was the granddaughter of Andrew McFarland, M. D., LL. D.,[1] for many years Superintendent of the Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane. George McFarland, after a service in the Civil War, practiced medicine in Kentucky from 1866 until 1880.[2]

At the age of 12, along with her parents, Anne Hazen McFarland went to live with her grandfather, Andrew McFarland, at Jacksonville, Illinois, who was long celebrated in the treatment of the insane, and founder of Oak Lawn Retreat, also in Jacksonville.[1] In time, her father became Assistant Physician of the Oak Lawn Sanitarium.[2]

McFarland graduated from the Jacksonville Female Academy (now, MacMurray College) after a four years' course in 1887, and later took a course in bookkeeping and stenography at the University of Kentucky. Andrew McFarland saw in his granddaughter the elements from which his theory for the fitness of women for the care of the female insane could be tested, and after a preliminary study under the direction of her father and her grandfather, in 1888, she entered the Woman's Medical College of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, and after three courses of medical lectures, was graduated with honors March 30, 1891.[1][2]

Career

After graduation from medical school, she was at once installed as Medical Superintendent of the Oak Lawn Sanitarium, thereby fulfilling the earnest desire of her grandfather, that she make a special study of the care of the insane. [2][1] She was a specialist in the department of nervous system disease. She removed a fibroid tumor in a case of acute mania, in June, 1893; and performed four operations upon the heads of epileptics, with two negative results, one improved, and the last cured.[1] McFarland was a critic of contemporary notions that gynecological disorders played a causal role in insanity and nervousness in women. She "ridiculed the gynecological hypothesis as 'dull' and as serving the economic interests of physicians 'who otherwise should have to take to a change of occupation to earn a livelihood.'"[3] In 1914, she was appointed the medical examiner for the women's department of Armour and Company.[4]

McFarland was the author of many papers upon various subjects, among them being “Treatment of the Insane,” Transactions Illinois State Medical Society, 1892; “The Lunacy Law of Illinois," ibid., 1893; "Treatment of the insane", n.p., n.d.;[5] “The Relations of Operative Gynecology to Insanity,” Medical Review, June, 1893; "Nervous Men, Nervous Women", The Woman's Medical Journal, 1895;[6] and “Nervous Troubles among Women,” read before the Physical Culture Club, Springfield, Illinois. For a number of years, she served as associate editor of Woman's Medical Journal,[7] published at Toledo, Ohio, which, at the time, was the only woman's medical journal in the world.[1][2]

"The Lunacy Law of Illinois"

McFarland read a paper, "The Lunacy Law of Illinois", at the Annual Meeting of the Illinois State Medical Society in 1893.[8] The Journal of the American Medical Association reported on it, saying:—[9]

McFarland strongly condemned the existing law, and called attention to the fact that many insane patients who might be easily cured if placed in an asylum at an early stage of the disease were rendered incurably insane through the delay, and the excitement connected with their commitment. She paid her respects to the sensational newspaper reporter who gets committed to an insane asylum for the purpose of writing up alleged abuses. She made a strong plea for a new law which should be more humane in its conditions. Her conclusions are: that the provisions of the present law relating to the commitment of patients to hospitals for the insane seem to be based on the theory that insanity is a crime rather than a disease. That strict forms of legal commitment are followed by a diminution of recent cases and a disproportionate increase of the chronic class, and an increasing tendency to look upon hospitals for the insane as places of illegal detention. That every State should have a law empowering judges to send patients to insane asylums for observation in case of doubt of their sanity. That voluntary commitment should be provided for by the law. That the lunacy law of New York should be adopted by the Illinois legislature.

Affiliations

She was a member of the Illinois State Medical Society; Morgan County Medical Society; Brainard District Medical Society; the Capital Medical Society, and the American Medical Society. She was also a member and secretary of the Illinois Queen Isabella Medical Association.[1][2]

Personal life

One June 10, 1896, McFarland married Vincent Carroll Cromwell, at Jacksonville, Illinois. They made their home at Cromwell place, Lexington. Kentucky,[7] until the death of Mr. Cromwell in 1899. At Jacksonville, Illinois, January 2, 1901, she married J. Thompson Sharpe, the latter born at Port Elizabeth, New Jersey, in November, 1864, whose father and grandfather were both physicians. Since his marriage, Mr. Sharpe became the business manager of the Oak Lawn Sanitarium. Two sons were born to the couple: Vincent Carroll Cromwell, born August 25, 1897; and Maskell McFarland Sharpe, born January 6, 1902. [2]

McFarland was a member of the Rector's Aid Society, the Home Economics Club, and the Country Club,[2] as well as an honorary member of “The Fortnightly”.[1] She was also a Colonial Dame and a Daughter of the American Revolution. She found a religious home in the Trinity Episcopal Church.[2]

Notes

  1. ↑ Watson (1896) records McFarland's date of birth as October 10, 1867.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Watson 1896, p. 216.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bateman & Selby 1906, p. 941.
  3. ↑ Theriot, Nancy M. (1993). "Women's Voices in Nineteenth-Century Medical Discourse: A Step toward Deconstructing Science". Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 19 (1): 1–31. OCLC 939015565. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  4. ↑ American Medical Women's Association. Branch no. 2. 1914, p. 113.
  5. ↑ New Hampshire State Library 1904, p. 826.
  6. ↑ Nevada Humanities Committee 1985, p. 165.
  7. 1 2 Medical Women's National Association 1896, p. 179.
  8. ↑ Illinois State Medical Society 1893, p. 478-.
  9. ↑ American Medical Association 1893, p. 612.

Attribution

  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: American Medical Association (1893). Journal of the American Medical Association. 20 (Public domain ed.). American Medical Association.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: American Medical Women's Association. Branch no. 2. (1914). Official Bulletin. 3–8 (Public domain ed.). Chicago: American Medical Women's Association. Branch no. 2.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bateman, Newton; Selby, Paul (1906). Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois. 2 (Public domain ed.). Munsell Publishing Company.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Illinois State Medical Society (1893). Transactions of the ... Annual Meeting. 43 (Public domain ed.).
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Medical Women's National Association (1896). The Woman's Medical Journal. 5 (Public domain ed.). Toledo, Ohio: Recorder Publishing Company.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: New Hampshire State Library (1904). Author List of the New Hampshire State Library, June 1, 1902 ... (Public domain ed.). J. B. Clarke Company.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Watson, Irving Allison (1896). Physicians and Surgeons of America: (Illustrated). A Collection of Biographical Sketches of the Regular Medical Profession (Public domain ed.). Rpublican Press Association.

Bibliography

  • Nevada Humanities Committee (1985). Halcyon. Nevada Humanities Committee.
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