Andrew Cuomo

Andrew Cuomo
56th Governor of New York
Assumed office
January 1, 2011
Lieutenant Robert Duffy
Kathy Hochul
Preceded by David Paterson
64th Attorney General of New York
In office
January 1, 2007 – December 31, 2010
Governor Eliot Spitzer
David Paterson
Preceded by Eliot Spitzer
Succeeded by Eric Schneiderman
11th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
In office
January 29, 1997 – January 20, 2001
President Bill Clinton
Preceded by Henry Cisneros
Succeeded by Mel Martínez
Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Community Planning and Development
In office
May 28, 1993 – January 29, 1997
President Bill Clinton
Preceded by Skirma Kondratas
Succeeded by Saul N. Ramirez Jr.
Personal details
Born Andrew Mark Cuomo
(1957-12-06) December 6, 1957
New York City, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s)
Kerry Kennedy
(m. 1990; div. 2005)
Domestic partner Sandra Lee (2005–present)
Children 3
Parents Mario Cuomo
Relatives Chris Cuomo (brother)
Margaret I. Cuomo (sister)
Residence Executive Mansion
Education Fordham University (BA)
Albany Law School (JD)
Website Government website

Andrew Mark Cuomo (/ˈkwoʊmoʊ/; born December 6, 1957) is an American politician, author and lawyer serving as the 56th and current Governor of New York since 2011. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to the same position his father, Mario Cuomo, held for three terms.

Born in New York City, Cuomo is a graduate of Fordham University and Albany Law School of Union University, New York. He began his career working as the campaign manager for his father, then as an assistant district attorney in New York City before entering private law practice. He founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP USA) and was appointed chair of the New York City Homeless Commission, a position he held from 1990 to 1993.

In 1993, Cuomo joined the Clinton Administration as Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development in the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. From 1997 to 2001, he served as the U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

In 2006, Cuomo was elected Attorney General of New York. In May 2010, Cuomo announced he was running for governor in the 2010 election, and he won with 63 percent of the vote. Cuomo has emerged as one of the United States' most progressive governors; during his first term, New York legalized same-sex marriage and enacted gun control legislation. In 2014, he was elected to a second term with 54 percent of the vote. He is running for a third term in 2018.

Early life and education

Cuomo was born in the Queens borough of New York City,[1] the elder son born to lawyer and later governor of New York, Mario Cuomo and Matilda (née Raffa).[2] His parents were both of Italian descent; his paternal grandparents were from Nocera Inferiore and Tramonti in South Italy, while his maternal grandparents were both from Sicily (his grandfather from Messina).[2][3] His younger brother, Chris Cuomo, is a CNN journalist.[4]

He graduated from St. Gerard Majella's School in 1971[5] and Archbishop Molloy High School in 1975.[1] He received a B.A. from Fordham University in 1979, and a J.D. from Albany Law School in 1982.[1]

Early career

During his father's 1982 campaign for Governor, Cuomo was campaign manager, and then joined the Governor's staff as one of his father's top policy advisors and sometime-Albany roommate,[6] earning $1 a year.[7]

From 1984 to 1985, Cuomo was a New York assistant district attorney, and briefly worked at the law firm of Blutrich, Falcone & Miller. He founded Housing Enterprise for the Less Privileged (HELP) in 1986 and left his law firm to run HELP full-time in 1988.[7][8] From 1990 to 1993, during the administration of New York City mayor, David Dinkins, Cuomo was chair of the New York City Homeless Commission, which was charged with developing policies to address the homeless issue in the city and developing more housing options.[9]

Secretary of HUD

Cuomo as HUD Secretary

Andrew Cuomo was appointed to the Department of Housing and Urban Development as Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Development in 1993, a member of President Bill Clinton's administration.[10] After the departure of Secretary Henry Cisneros at the end of Clinton's first term under the cloud of an FBI investigation,[11] Cuomo was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate to succeed him as Secretary of HUD. Cuomo served as Secretary from January 1997 until the Clinton administration ended in 2001.[10]

In 2000, Cuomo led HUD efforts to negotiate an agreement with the United States' largest handgun manufacturer, Smith & Wesson, that required Smith & Wesson to change the design, distribution and marketing of guns to make them safer and to help keep them out of the hands of children and criminals.[10] Budgets enacted during his term contained initiatives to increase the supply of affordable housing and home ownership, and to create jobs and economic development. These included new rental assistance subsidies, reforms to integrate public housing, higher limits on mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration, a crackdown on housing discrimination, expanded programs to help homeless people get housing and jobs, and creation of new Empowerment Zones.

Cuomo, as HUD Secretary holding a press conference with then Treasury Secretary Larry Summers

During Cuomo's tenure as HUD Secretary, he called for an increase in home ownership.[12] He also pushed government-sponsored lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to buy more home loans issued to poor homeowners, in an attempt to end discrimination against minorities.[13] Some believe that this helped lead to the recent subprime mortgage crisis.[8][12][14] Edward J. Pinto, former chief credit officer at Fannie Mae, said "they should have known the risks were large. Cuomo was pushing mortgage bankers to make loans and basically saying you have to offer a loan to everybody."[12] But others disagree with the assessment that Cuomo caused the crisis. Dean Baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, said Cuomo "was a contributor in terms of him being a cheerleader, but I don't think we can pin too much blame on him."[12]

According to libertarian author and critic James Bovard, Cuomo was obsessed with changing HUD's image, as Cuomo declared, "The PR is the important thing I do ... Eighty percent of the battle is communications." He championed a new program called Community Builders, created without appropriation by Congress, for 800 new HUD employees with computers to be paid as much as $100,000. In a June 16, 1999, speech, Cuomo declared that one purpose of the program was to fight against HUD's abolition. In August 1999, Community Builders distributed a letter to community groups to fight against proposed tax cuts. One HUD official declared that Community Builders were seen as "Democratic ward heelers who act as a pipeline between Democratic city officials, party leaders, and the administration and the Democratic National Committee." In 1998, Clinton-appointed HUD Inspector General Susan Gaffney testified to a Senate committee that she was the victim of "'escalating' attacks on her office by Cuomo and 'his key aides,' including cooked-up charges of racism, insubordination, malfeasance, and general dirty-dealing." In 1999, Gaffney's office concluded that "most (15 out of 19) Community Builders' goals were activities rather than actual accomplishments." and that Cuomo's initiatives "had a crippling effect on many of HUD's ongoing operations."[15]

2002 gubernatorial election

Cuomo first ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor of New York in 2002. He was initially the favorite for nomination and led in fund-raising and polls, but his campaign took serious damage after a gaffe when Cuomo said (in reference to the aftermath of the September 11 attacks) "Pataki stood behind the leader. He held the leader's coat. He was a great assistant to the leader. But he was not a leader. Cream rises to the top, and Rudy Giuliani rose to the top." His remarks were widely derided; even his father, former Governor Mario Cuomo, later admitted it was a blunder.[16]

On the eve of the state convention, Cuomo withdrew from consideration after concluding that he had little chance of support as opposed to the favored party candidate, State Comptroller Carl McCall.[17] McCall went on to lose the general election to George Pataki.

New York Attorney General

Election

Cuomo declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for New York State Attorney General in 2006, and on May 30, 2006, captured the Democratic Party's endorsement, receiving 65% of the delegates. Though Cuomo won the endorsement, former New York City Public Advocate Mark J. Green, two-time candidate for lieutenant governor Charlie King, also earned places on the Democratic ballot.[18] King dropped out of the race before the primary and endorsed Cuomo.[19]

Cuomo won the primary with a majority of the vote, defeating his nearest opponent by over 20%. Clinching the Democratic party nomination was considered a significant rebound following his unsuccessful and unpopular 2002 gubernatorial campaign and at the nominating convention, June O'Neill, the Democratic chairwoman of St. Lawrence County, called him "New York's own Comeback Kid."[18] He won the general election against the Republican nominee, former Westchester District attorney Jeanine Pirro on November 7, 2006, winning 58% of the vote.

Tenure

Police surveillance, 2007

On July 23, 2007, Cuomo's office admonished the Spitzer administration for ordering the State Police to keep special records of then-Senate majority leader Joseph Bruno's whereabouts when he traveled with police escorts in New York City.[20] At the discretion of top officials of the Spitzer administration, the New York State Police created documents meant to cause political damage to Bruno.[21] Spitzer responded by accepting responsibility and issuing an apology to Bruno.[20][22]

Student loan inquiry, 2007

In 2007, Cuomo was active in a high-profile investigation into lending practices and anti-competitive relationships between student lenders and universities. Specifically, many universities steered student borrowers to a "preferred lender," which resulted in the borrowers' incurring higher interest rates. This led to changes in lending policy at many major American universities. Many universities also rebated millions of dollars in fees back to affected borrowers.[23][24]

Cuomo with Representative Gary Ackerman

Usenet, 2008

On June 10, 2008, Cuomo announced that three major Internet service providers (Verizon Communications, Time Warner Cable, and Sprint) would "shut down major sources of online child pornography" by no longer hosting many Usenet groups. Time Warner Cable ceased offering Usenet altogether, Sprint ended access to the 18,408 newsgroups in the alt.* hierarchy, and Verizon limited its Usenet offerings to the approximately 3,000 Big 8 newsgroups. The move came after Cuomo's office located 88 different newsgroups to which child pornography had been posted.[25][26][27]

Corruption and fraud investigations, 2009

Cuomo investigated a corruption scandal, "fraudulent scheme to extract kickbacks", which involved New York investigators, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and attorneys general in dozens of states.[28]

Also in 2009, Cuomo launched a suit against the United Homeless Organization, a New York charity. He charged that the majority of the group's income was not used to provide services to the homeless, but was diverted to the founders for unrelated personal expenses.[29] In 2010, Judge Barbara R. Kapnick granted the judgement and forced the group to disband.[30]

U.S. Senate

After Hillary Clinton became President Obama's choice for U.S. Secretary of State, then-New York governor David Paterson was charged with appointing a temporary replacement until a special election. Cuomo was seen as a leading contender for this appointment.[31][32] Caroline Kennedy (also the first cousin of Cuomo's ex-wife) was another leading contender, but withdrew for personal reasons two days before Paterson was set to announce his choice, leaving Cuomo and U.S. Representative Kirsten Gillibrand as the most likely appointees.[32][33] On January 23, Paterson announced he would appoint Gillibrand to the U.S. Senate.[34]

Governor of New York

Elections

2010

On September 18, 2009, advisors to President Barack Obama informed Governor David Paterson that the President believed he should withdraw his 2010 gubernatorial candidacy, stepping aside for "popular Attorney General Andrew Cuomo."[35] On January 23, 2010, the New York Daily News reported that Cuomo would announce plans for a gubernatorial campaign at the end of March.[36] Later reports indicated Cuomo would announce his gubernatorial campaign coinciding with the state Democratic Convention in late May.[37] On May 22, 2010, Cuomo announced his run for governor in a video posted to his campaign website. Cuomo announced his choice for lieutenant governor on May 26, 2010: Mayor of Rochester, Robert Duffy.[38]

In the November 2, 2010, general election, Cuomo faced Republican Carl Paladino, a Buffalo-based businessman who had been heavily supported by the Tea Party movement. Cuomo won the election for governor by a landslide, winning 62.6% of the vote. Paladino performed strongly in his native Buffalo area, while Cuomo performed well in the Eastern part of the state as well as downstate.[39]

Election results by county
Gubernatorial election in New York, 2010 [40]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Swing
Democratic Andrew Cuomo 2,609,465 56.52% Decrease 1.82%
Working Families Andrew Cuomo 154,835 3.35% Increase 0.05%
Independence Andrew Cuomo 146,576 3.17% Decrease 0.89%
Total Andrew Cuomo Robert Duffy 2,910,876 63.05% Decrease 2.65%
Republican Carl Paladino 1,289,817 27.94% Increase 4.40%
Conservative Carl Paladino 232,215 5.03% Increase 1.44%
Taxpayers Carl Paladino 25,825 0.56%
Total Carl Paladino Greg Edwards 1,547,857 33.53% Increase 6.41%
Green Howie Hawkins Gloria Mattera 59,906 1.30% Increase 0.41%
Libertarian Warren Redlich Alden Link 48,359 1.05% Increase 0.74%
Rent Is Too Damn High Jimmy McMillan None 41,129 0.89% Increase 0.61%
Freedom Charles Barron Eva M. Doyle 24,571 0.53%
Anti-Prohibition Kristin M. Davis Tanya Gendelman 20,421 0.44%
Scattering 4,836 0.10% N/A
Majority 1,363,019 29.52% Decrease 9.06%
Totals 4,616,836 100.00%
Democratic Hold

In addition to the parties fielding candidates, New York's electoral fusion laws allow parties to cross-endorse candidates. The Independence Party and Working Families Party cross-endorsed Andrew Cuomo, while the Conservative Party and Taxpayers Party cross-endorsed Carl Paladino. The Independence Party line received 146,648 votes (5.0% of Cuomo's total, and 3.2% of the statewide total) and the Working Families line received 154,853 votes (5.3% and 3.4%), with the Democratic line receiving the remaining 2,610,220 votes (89.6% and 56.5%). The Conservative line received 232,281 votes (15.0% of Paladino's total, and 5.0% of the statewide total) and the Taxpayers line received 25,821 votes (1.5% and 0.6%), with the Republican line receiving the remaining 1,290,082 votes (83.3% and 27.1%).

2014

Cuomo sought reelection in 2014, with former U.S. Representative Kathy Hochul as his new running mate. On March 5, 2014, Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino announced that he would run on the Republican ticket against Cuomo for governor.[41] Law professors Zephyr Teachout and Tim Wu challenged the Cuomo–Hochul ticket in the Democratic primary election[42][43]—capturing 34% of the vote on the gubernatorial line (Wu drew 40.1% as lieutenant governor[44]).[45] On November 4, 2014, Cuomo was re-elected for a second term with 54% of the vote,[46][47] while Astorino received 40.6% of the vote.[48]

Democratic Party gubernatorial primary results[49]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Andrew Cuomo 361,380 62.92
Democratic Zephyr Teachout 192,210 33.47
Democratic Randy Credico 20,760 3.61
Total votes 594,287 100.00
Democratic Party lieutenant gubernatorial primary results[49]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kathy Hochul 329,089 60.20
Democratic Tim Wu 217,614 39.80
Total votes 546,703 100.00

Despite a low voter turnout, Cuomo won by a comfortable margin; however, his margin of victory was smaller than it had been in his 2010 victory. Astorino won most of upstate New York, but was overwhelmed in New York City. Cuomo was sworn in for second term as Governor.

Gubernatorial election in New York, 2014 [50]
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Swing
Democratic Andrew Cuomo 1,811,672 47.08% Decrease 9.44%
Working Families Andrew Cuomo 126,244 3.22% Decrease 0.13%
Independence Andrew Cuomo 77,762 2.02% Decrease 1.15%
Women's Equality Andrew Cuomo 53,802 1.41% N/A
Total Andrew Cuomo Kathy Hochul 2,069,480 54.19% Decrease 8.86%
Republican Rob Astorino 1,234,951 32.59% Increase 4.65%
Conservative Rob Astorino 250,634 6.60% Increase 1.57%
Stop-Common-Core Rob Astorino 51,294 1.39% N/A
Total Rob Astorino Christopher Moss 1,536,879 40.24% Increase 6.71%
Green Howie Hawkins Brian Jones 184,419 4.86% Increase 3.56%
Libertarian Michael McDermott Chris Edes 16,967 0.42% Decrease 0.63%
Sapient Steven Cohn Bobby Kalotee 4,963 0.13% N/A
Scattering 6,378 0.19% Increase 0.09%
Majority 480,605 13.26% Decrease 16.74%
Totals 3,930,310 100.00%
Democratic Hold

2018

Cuomo was challenged in the primary from the left by actress-and-activist Cynthia Nixon. She criticized him as having failed to fix the New York City subway, protect undocumented immigrants, legalize recreational marijuana,[51] or create a Single Payer healthcare system [52] When debating Nixon, Cuomo countered her argument on the subways by pointing out that the system is owned by New York City, though past administrations agree it is the governor's role.[53][54][55] An analysis conducted by New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer revealed that New York City pays for 70 percent of subway repair costs.[55]

In the primary, with 93% of precincts reporting, Cuomo gained 65% of the vote to Nixon's 35%.[56]

Tenure

Cuomo took the gubernatorial oath of office at 12:01 a.m. on January 1, 2011, succeeding David Paterson.[57][58] During his first year as governor, Cuomo worked to pass an on-time budget[59][60] that cut spending without raising taxes,[61][62] made a new deal with a large state-employee union,[63] signed ethics reform legislation,[64] passed a property tax cap,[65] worked to enact a same-sex marriage bill with bipartisan support,[66][67] and restructured New York's tax code.[68][69] There was media speculation about a 2016 presidential run.[70][71]

His approach was described by the press as "muscular". Tom Libous, the Republican State Senate deputy majority leader, said, in 2013, "When I share something he doesn't like, he gets very quiet. He stares at you."[6]

For his 2018 re-election bid, Cuomo accepted being on top of the ballot line for the Independence Party, a list that featured numerous Republicans, including ardent Trump supporters. Cuomo's presence on the top of the ballot line may boost the vote shares of the Republicans on the list.[72]

In an August 15, 2018, anti-sex trafficking bill-signing event, Cuomo said: "We're not gonna make America great again. It was never that great. We have not reached greatness. We will reach greatness when every American is fully engaged." [73] The assembled audience of Cuomo's supporters booed.[74]

Criminal justice

In September 2016, a former aide and close friend of Cuomo, Joseph Percoco, was indicted as part of a bribery investigation into the Buffalo Billion.[75][76][77] Todd Howe, a lobbyist and former Cuomo aide was also indicted, along with several developers who were major donors to Cuomo and other state politicians.[75][76] Cuomo was not accused of wrongdoing.[76][77] In March 2018, a federal jury in Manhattan convicted Percoco on felony charges of solicitation of bribes and honest services fraud for over $315,000 in bribes he took from two people seeking official favors on behalf of an energy company, Competitive Power Ventures Inc. He faces 50 years in prison. Prosecutors framed Percoco as Cuomo's "right-hand man."[78][79][80] Following Percoco's conviction, however, Cuomo released a statement where declared that he would respect the jury's verdict and that "there is no tolerance for any violation of the public trust."[81][82][83]

In 2014, Politico reported that Cuomo had been actively involved in the formation of the Independent Democratic Conference three years earlier, which gave control of the State Senate to Republicans.[84] He has been accused of failing to bridge the rift between the IDC and the Democratic caucus in the Senate despite being able to.[85]

In July 2014, it was reported that the Moreland Commission, a committee established by Cuomo to root out corruption in politics, was directed away from investigations that could be politically damaging.[86] Cuomo later abruptly and controversially disbanded the Commission.[86] Federal prosecutors in Manhattan launched an inquiry into Cuomo's dealings with the anticorruption panel and concluded that "after a thorough investigation," there was "insufficient evidence to prove a federal crime."[87]

In January 2014, Cuomo announced [88] the introduction of restrictive measures to make medical marijuana available to 20 designated hospitals for the treatment of cancer and glaucoma. Later in July, New York became the 23rd state [89] to allow the medical use of marijuana, as the Governor signed the Compassionate Care Act, not without drawing the criticism of legalization activists, though.[90]

In August 2017, the Cuomo administration awarded more than $7 million - financed with money from large bank settlements - in grants to New York colleges to offer courses to New York prisoners.[91] In January 2018, Cuomo proposed reforms that would "reduce delays during trials, ban asset seizures in cases where there has been no conviction and make it easier for former convicts to get a job after leaving prison."[92] He also called for an end to cash bail for minor crimes.[92]

Under Cuomo's tenure, he granted commutations to fewer prisoners than many previous Republican and Democratic New York governors.[93] Cuomo commuted a total of nine sentences.[93] Cuomo pardoned 140 adults who were convicted of nonviolent felonies as 16- and 17-year-olds, but had served their sentences.[93] He pardoned 18 others who had served their sentences for nonviolent felonies but were exposed to deportation due to their criminal record.[93]

Andrew Cuomo leading the 2018 NYC March For Our Lives rally

Gun control

On January 15, 2013, Cuomo signed into law the first state gun control bill to pass after the December 14, 2012, Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in neighboring Connecticut.[94] The NY SAFE Act was described as the toughest gun control law in the United States.[95] The act came under criticism, and the National Rifle Association called it draconian. The New York State Sheriffs' Association issued a statement supporting tougher penalties for illegal use of firearms, but criticizing several aspects of the legislation, including a magazine limit of seven rounds and a "too broad" definition of assault weapons.[96]

On July 5, 2013, Cuomo signed an amendment to the NY SAFE Act that exempts retired police officers from some of the act's ownership restrictions.[97]

Hurricane Sandy

After Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, Cuomo allowed New York voters, via a specific provision aimed at accommodating those displaced, to cast provisional ballots for the 2012 election anywhere in New York state.[98] He also appointed a commission to examine the responses of New York utilities to damage caused by the storm.[99]

Controversy ensued when the Cuomo administration used $140 million, including $40 million of federal disaster relief funds, to pay for the broadcast of national TV ads promoting "New New York" slogans outside New York in an attempt to attract new business investment to the state.[100][101] Many have been critical of the effort, including former New York governor Eliot Spitzer, who called the ads "fluff" and "a waste of taxpayer money".[100]

Hydraulic fracturing

In June 2012, the Cuomo administration said it was considering lifting a state ban on the practice of hydraulic fracturing (also known as "fracking")[102] to stimulate the economy in upstate New York. But critics said that fracking in Upstate New York could contaminate the water supply of New York City, New Jersey and parts of Pennsylvania.[103][104] Following a long-awaited study started years earlier, New York State health officials cited "significant public health risks" associated with fracking, and on December 17, 2014, the Cuomo administration announced a ban of hydraulic fracturing in New York State.[105]

New York City Subway

In June 2017, after a series of subway disasters, Cuomo declared a "state of emergency" for the New York City Subway system.[106] According to The New York Times, a series of New York City mayors and New York governors, including Cuomo, were partly at fault for the worsening quality of the subway system and inflated construction costs.[106] Under the Cuomo administration, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority repeatedly diverted tax revenues earmarked for the subways, paid for services that there was no need for and spent on subway projects that did not boost service or reliability.[106] As a result, the MTA was saddled with debt and could not undertake investments into overhauling outdated and inefficient subway infrastructure.[106] Cuomo also directed the MTA to spend on projects that the heads of the MTA did not consider to be priorities.[106] One reason why the New York City subway system is so expensive is due to exorbitant labor costs; according to several M.T.A. officials who were involved in negotiating labor contracts, Cuomo pressured the MTA to accept labor union contracts that were extremely favorable to workers.[106] The New York Times noted that Cuomo was closely aligned with the union in question and had received $165,000 in campaign contributions from the union.[106]

The New York Times reported, "Cuomo had steered clear of the M.T.A. during his first years in office, but in his second term he took an intense interest. He placed aides within the organization and, in an unusual move, made some report directly to him. He badgered transit leaders about the construction of the Second Avenue subway on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. And over the objections of some board members, he canceled several M.T.A. capital projects to make room for his own priorities. According to high-ranking current and former M.T.A. officials, the moves interfered with the authority's plans to address the rising delays."[106]

Public college and university tuition

On April 18, 2017, Cuomo signed the New York State 2018 fiscal year budget. It included the Excelsior Scholarship, a provision that families making less than $125,000 in 2019 could have free tuition at all SUNY and CUNY universities,[107][108] though some education experts including Sara Goldrick-Rab say it won't help the poorest students and that the requirement that recipients live and work in New York after graduating is counter-productive.[109]

Public employees

On July 16, 2011, Cuomo finalized a five-year deal with the Public Employees Federation to end pay raises, implement furlough days, and require additional contributions to health insurance accounts.[110] In an interview with The New York Times, Cuomo stated his top goal in 2012 is the reduction of public employee pensions.[111]

Same-sex marriage

Cuomo at New York City's Gay Pride in 2013

In keeping with a campaign promise, Cuomo signed same-sex marriage legislation on June 24, 2011, following an "intense public and private lobbying campaign", and later called for all states to do the same.[112] Cuomo was lauded for his efforts to pass same-sex marriage legislation.[113][114][115] One prominent advocate stated that "for gay Americans, Mr. Cuomo was "the only national politician with hero status."[114] Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act, Cuomo was criticized for describing the viewpoints of same-sex marriage opponents as being "anti-American."[116][117] On July 25, 2011, a lawsuit was filed in the New York Supreme Court seeking an injunction against the Marriage Equality Act, alleging corruption and violations of the law in the process of passing the bill.[118] The trial court initially held that the plaintiffs' case could proceed, but the decision was reversed on appeal.[119]

START-UP NY

In July 2016, the Empire State Development Corporation, a state agency, released a report indicating that the state's flagship business tax incentive program, called START-UP NY, had generated 408 jobs since its inception in 2014. Ads promoting the program have cost at least $53 million.[120] The START-UP NY annual report was delayed three months in 2016, leading some lawmakers, such as Assemblyman Schimminger, to call the delays "curious".[121]

Taxes

Cuomo was praised for his 2011 restructuring of the New York State tax code.[122][123][124] He was also criticized for including tax increases for high earners,[125][126] and for allegedly requesting a unanimous Assembly vote in favor of the proposal and threatening to campaign against Assembly members who voted "no"[127] – a charge he denied.[127] Cuomo also received criticism from voices on the left who felt that the tax reform was insufficient.[126]

Women's issues

In 2013, Cuomo called for the passage of a Women's Equality Act.[128] The Women's Equality Act included 10 component bills affecting issues such as domestic violence, human trafficking, and pregnancy discrimination.[128] The tenth bill of the Women's Equality Act was the Reproductive Health Act,[129] which would have "enshrine[d] in state law existing federal protections for abortion rights," "shift[ed] the state's abortion law from the criminal code to the health care laws," and "[made] it clearer that licensed health care practitioners as well as physicians could perform abortions."[130] During his 2013 State of the State address, Cuomo said, "Enact a Reproductive Health Act because it is her body, it is her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice. Because it's her body, it's her choice."[128] The New York State Assembly passed the Women's Equality Act on June 20, 2013.[131] The Republican leadership of the New York State Senate expressed support for the nine non-abortion-related planks of the Women's Equality Act, but objected to the Reproductive Health Act and expressed unwillingness to allow a vote on it.[132]

On the final day of the 2013 legislative session, following the Senate Republican Conference's continued refusal to vote on the full Women's Equality Act, Senator Jeff Klein, leader of the Independent Democratic Conference (IDC), offered the abortion plank of the Act as a hostile amendment to another bill.[133] The amendment was defeated by a narrow margin of 32-31; all 30 Senate Republicans voted against the abortion amendment, as did Democratic Sens. Ruben Diaz and Simcha Felder.[133] The Senate proceeded to pass the nine non-abortion-related planks of the Women's Equality Act as separate bills, and the 2013 legislative session came to an end without any portion of the WEA becoming law.[134]

"[After] the 2014 election season was over, with Cuomo victorious, the governor and his lieutenant governor Kathy Hochul both declared the abortion plank of the act officially dormant, if not dead."[135] In 2015, the non-abortion-related Women's Equality Act bills passed both houses of the State Legislature.[135] In October 2015, Cuomo signed eight of the 10 Women's Equality Act bills into law; the abortion rights bill was not among them.[136]

Voting rights

In April 2018, Cuomo announced that he would restore the voting rights of parolees through an executive order.[137] Cuomo said that he would consider restoring the voting rights of all parolees (more than 35,000), and would also enfranchise new parolees throughout his term.[137]

Public Housing

In the winter of 2018, Cuomo responded to a class-action lawsuit brought against the New York City Housing Authority by attorney Jim Walden on behalf of a group of public housing tenants. The suit was the first of its kind and called upon NYCHA to immediately address decrepit and unhealthy conditions in public housing units across New York City.[138] At the invitation of Walden, Cuomo toured a public housing project in March.[139] By early April, Cuomo appointed an independent monitor to oversee NYCHA on an emergency basis.[140] The move broadened the ever-widening rift between NYC Mayor Bill DeBlasio and Cuomo.[141][142]

Appointee donations controversy

On his first day in office, Cuomo renewed an executive order signed by Eliott Spitzer which prohibited Governors of New York from receiving donations from gubernatorial appointees.[143] A February 2018 investigation by The New York Times, however, revealed that the Cuomo administration had quietly reinterpreted the order, and that Cuomo had collected $890,000 from 24 of his appointees, as well as $1.3 million from the spouses, children and businesses of appointees.[143] Some donations were made to Cuomo just days after the donor was appointed.[143]

In March 2018, The New York Times reported that Cuomo had rewritten the disclaimer language on his campaign website for the executive order barring donations from appointees.[144] The website added two caveats whereby some gubernatorial appointees are allowed to donate to the Governor, which The Times said could potentially lead to more donations from appointees to the Governor.[144] The Cuomo campaign returned $2,500 donation from one appointee who was in violation of the new disclaimer, but still retains the approximately $890,000 raised from other appointees.[144]

Remarks about conservatives

In a January 17, 2014, interview with Susan Arbetter on WCNY's The Capital Pressroom, Cuomo stated:

[New York Republicans] are searching to define their soul, that's what's going on. Is the Republican party in this state a moderate party or is it an extreme conservative party? ... The Republican Party candidates are running against the SAFE Act — it was voted for by moderate Republicans who run the Senate! Their problem is not me and the Democrats; their problem is themselves. Who are they? Are they these extreme conservatives who are right-to-life, pro-assault-weapon, anti-gay? Is that who they are? Because if that's who they are and they're the extreme conservatives, they have no place in the state of New York, because that's not who New Yorkers are. If they're moderate Republicans like in the Senate right now, who control the Senate — moderate Republicans have a place in their state. George Pataki was governor of this state as a moderate Republican, but not what you're hearing from them on the far right.[145]

This remark received a major reaction in the conservative media. Radio host Glenn Beck wrote a letter to the governor regarding the remarks from the interview.[146] Fox News contributor and radio/TV show host, Sean Hannity mentioned emigrating along with all of his assets from the state if the governor does not apologize from the remarks.[147] Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan, the Archbishop of New York, said during a radio broadcast that the governor's remarks were "most unfortunate at best. Are there pro-lifers who are extremist? Yes, there are. But I think they are a distinct minority."[148]

The New York State Democratic Committee, which is headed by Cuomo, supported his remarks and reiterated them in a May 2014 statement responding to a speech by Rob Astorino, who was running against him in the 2014 gubernatorial election: "Tea Party Republicans have done enough damage in Washington, today's speech made it abundantly clear that we don't need them here in New York."[149]

Personal life

Cuomo married Kerry Kennedy, the seventh child of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy, on June 9, 1990. They have three daughters: twins, Cara Ethel Kennedy-Cuomo and Mariah Matilda Kennedy-Cuomo (born January 11, 1995), and Michaela Andrea Kennedy-Cuomo (born August 26, 1997).[150][151] They separated in 2003, and divorced in 2005. In 2011, he began living with Food Network host Sandra Lee. The two reside in Westchester County, New York.[152][150][151][153]

On July 4, 2015, Cuomo presided over the wedding ceremony of his long-time friend Billy Joel to his fourth wife, Alexis Roderick.[154]

Published works

Andrew M. Cuomo, All Things Possible: Setbacks and Success in Politics and Life, New York: Harper, 2014. ISBN 978-0-06-230008-9.

References

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  106. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rosenthal, Brian M.; Fitzsimmons, Emma G.; LaForgia, Michael (2017-11-18). "How Politics and Bad Decisions Starved New York's Subways". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-12-29.
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  111. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas; Barbaro, Michael (July 14, 2011). "Cuomo Says Curbing Public Pension Benefits Will Be His Top Goal in '12". The New York Times. pp. A20.
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  113. ↑ "Gossip". Daily News. New York.
  114. 1 2 Kaplan, Thomas (December 1, 2011). "Cuomo Fund Fills With Money From Thankful Gay Donors". The New York Times.
  115. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (October 27, 2011). "Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo Calls for Same-Sex Marriage in All States". The New York Times.
  116. ↑ Bolcer, Julie (October 25, 2011). "Gay Marriage Opponents Want Apology from Cuomo". The Advocate. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  117. ↑ "Burling: Cuomo "Doesn't Scare Me" | Politics on the Hudson". Polhudson.lohudblogs.com. December 9, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  118. ↑ "Lawsuit filed over New York same-sex marriage law". CNN. July 25, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  119. ↑ New Yorkers for Constitutional Freedoms v. New York State Senate, 98 A.D.3d 285, 297, 948 N.Y.S.2d 787, 797 leave to appeal denied, 19 N.Y.3d 814, 979 N.E.2d 813 (2012)
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  127. 1 2 JIMMY VIELKIND, Capitol bureau (December 8, 2011). "Governor to Assembly GOP: Vote for tax code unanimously or risk seats". Times Union. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  128. 1 2 3 url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/transcript-governor-andrew-m-cuomos-2013-state-state-address | title=Transcript of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo's 2013 State of the State Address | accessdate=January 6, 2018
  129. ↑ https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2013/s438 | title=Reproductive Health Act | accessdate=January 6, 2018
  130. ↑ url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/opinion/strengthening-reproductive-rights-in-new-york.html | work=New York Times | title=Reproductive Rights in New York | date=February 19, 2013 | accessdate= January 6, 2018
  131. ↑ http://assembly.state.ny.us/Press/20130620d/%7Cdate=June 20, 2013|accessdate=January 6, 2018
  132. ↑ Katz, Celeste (June 19, 2013). "Officially, Gov. Cuomo, NY Senate GOP Dig In Their Heels On Women's Equality Act". Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  133. 1 2 "Klein Offers Hostile Abortion Amendment, Fails (Updatedx2)". State of Politics. June 21, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
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  135. 1 2 Nahmias, Laura (June 30, 2015). "Quietly, most of Women's Equality Act becomes law". Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  136. ↑ Hamilton, Matthew (October 21, 2015). "Cuomo signs women's equality bills". Times Union. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  137. 1 2 Wang, Vivian (2018-04-18). "Cuomo Plans to Restore Voting Rights to Paroled Felons". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
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  142. ↑ "De Blasio: Cuomo is no 'white knight' for NYCHA". New York Post. 2018-04-05. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
  143. 1 2 3 Goldmacher, Shane; Rosenthal, Brian M.; Armendariz, Agustin (2018-02-24). "In Spite of Executive Order, Cuomo Takes Campaign Money From State Appointees". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-02-24.
  144. 1 2 3 Goldmacher, Shane; Rosenthal, Brian M. (2018-03-29). "Cuomo, in Writing, Reinterprets Fund-Raising Ban on Appointees". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  145. ↑ "Cuomo: 'Extreme conservatives … have no place in the state of New York'". Capitol Confidential.
  146. ↑ Beck, Glenn. "Glenn Beck's Open Letter to Gov. Cuomo: Are We Welcome in New York?". The Blaze.
  147. ↑ "Is Sean Hannity really leaving New York after Gov. Cuomo's anti-conservative comments? – OTR Interviews – On the Record". Fox News Channel.
  148. ↑ McKinley, J. (January 22, 2014). "Comment by Cuomo outrages Republicans". The New York Times.
  149. ↑ Reisman, Nick (May 15, 2014). Democrats blast Astorino speech. Time Warner Cable News. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  150. 1 2 Fermino, Jennifer (January 3, 2011). "Cuomo's gal talks about life as the governor's girlfriend". New York Post. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  151. 1 2 "Sandra Lee and Gov. Andrew Cuomo Have Family Dinners at Home : People.com". People.
  152. ↑ Gibson, David (January 7, 2011). "Andrew Cuomo Takes Communion and Revives the 'Good Catholic' Debate". Politics Daily. Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  153. ↑ Blain, Glenn (January 2, 2011). "On second day in office, Cuomo attends church with daughters and Sandra Lee". Daily News. New York. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  154. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
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