8K resolution

Comparison chart

8K resolution refers to any screen or display with around 8000 pixels width. 8K UHD is the current highest ultra high definition television (UHDTV) resolution in digital television and digital cinematography. 8K in 8K UHD refers to the horizontal resolution of 7,680 pixels, forming the total image dimensions of (7680×4320), also known as 4320p, which refers to the vertical resolution.[1]

8K UHD has twice as many horizontal and twice as many vertical pixels as 4K UHD, as well as four times the linear resolution of 1080p (Full HD), and six times the linear resolution of 720p.

High-resolution displays such as 8K allow for each pixel to be indistinguishable to the human eye when viewed at a typical distance from the screen. 8K resolution can also be used for the purpose of creating enhanced lower resolution videos through a combination of cropping techniques and/or with downsampling[2] techniques used in video and film editing. Resolutions such as 8K allows filmmakers to shoot in a high resolution with a wide lens or at a further distance, in the case of potentially dangerous subjects (such as in wildlife documentaries), by being able to zoom and crop digitally in post-production. The technique involves taking a portion of the original 8K image and cropping it to match a smaller resolution such as the current industry standard for high-definition televisions (4K, 1080p, and 720p).[3]

8K display resolution is the successor to 4K resolution. TV manufacturers pushed to make 4K a new standard by 2017.[4] The feasibility of a fast transition to this new standard is questionable in view of the absence of broadcasting resources.[5]

As of 2015, few cameras had the capability to shoot video in 8K, with NHK being one of the only companies to have created a small broadcasting camera with an 8K image sensor.[2] By 2016 Red Digital Cinema Camera Company had delivered three 8K cameras in both a Full Frame sensor and Super 35 sensor.[6] Until major content sources are available, 8K is speculated to become a mainstream consumer display resolution around 2023 as mentioned in UHD forum Phase-B recommendations. Despite this filmmakers are pushing demand for 8K cameras due to their ability to capture better 4K footage.

History

Astro Design 8K camera being displayed at the 2013 NAB Show
NHK and Hitachi demonstrating their 8K camera at the 2013 NAB Show

Japan's public broadcaster NHK was the first to start research and development of 4320p resolution in 1995. The format was standardized by SMPTE in October 2007, Interface standardized by SMPTE in August 2010 and Recommended as the international standard for television by lTU-R in 2012. Followed by public displays at electronics shows and screenings of 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and public viewings in February 2014 and the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in June 2014 using HEVC with partners AstroDesign and Ikegami Electronics.[7][8][9]

On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the superMHL specification which will support 8K resolution at 120 fps, 48-bit video, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range support, a 32-pin reversible superMHL connector, and power charging of up to 40 watts.[10][11][12]

On March 1, 2016, The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) unveiled DisplayPort 1.4, a new format that lets the use of 8K resolution (7680×4320) at 60 Hz with HDRR and 32 audio channels through USB-C.[13]

On January 4, 2017, the HDMI Forum announced HDMI 2.1 featuring support for 8k video with HDR, will be "released early in Q2 2017".[14]

First cameras

On April 6, 2013, Astrodesign Inc. announced the AH-4800, capable of recording 8K resolution. In April 2015 it was announced by Red that their newly unveiled Red Weapon VV is also capable of recording 8K footage. In October 2016 they announced two additional 8K cameras, Red Weapon 8K S35 and Red Epic-W 8K S35.[15] The Red Weapon Dragon VV has been discontinued as of October 7, 2017, when Red unveiled the Red Weapon Monstro VV, their fourth camera capable of shooting 8K, with additional improvements in dynamic range and noise reduction, among other features.

Productions

In 2007, the original 65 mm negative of the 1992 film Baraka was re-scanned at 8K with a film scanner built specifically for the job at FotoKem Laboratories, and used to remaster the 2008 Blu-ray release. Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert described the Blu-ray release as "the finest video disc I have ever viewed or ever imagined."[16] A similar 8K scan/4K intermediate digital restoration of Lawrence of Arabia was made for Blu-ray and theatrical re-release during 2012 by Sony Pictures to celebrate the film's 50th anniversary.[17][18] According to Grover Crisp, executive VP of restoration at Sony Pictures, the new 8K scan has such high resolution that when examined, showed a series of fine concentric lines in a pattern "reminiscent of a fingerprint" near the top of the frame. This was caused by the film emulsion melting and cracking in the desert heat during production. Sony had to hire a third party to minimise or eliminate the rippling artifacts in the new restored version.[17]

On May 17, 2013, the Franklin Institute premiered To Space and Back, an 8K×8K, 60 fps, 3D video running approximately 25 minutes. During its first run at the Fels Planetarium it was played at 4K, 60 fps.[19]

In November 2013, NHK screened the experimental-drama short film "The Chorus" at Tokyo Film Festival which was filmed in 8k and 22.2 sound format.[20]

On May 1, 2015, an 8K abstract computer animation was screened at the Filmatic Festival at the University of California, San Diego. The work was created as an assignment in the VIS 40/ICAM 40 Introduction to Computing in the Arts class taught at UCSD by Associate Teaching Professor Brett Stalbaum during the winter quarter of 2015, with each student producing 300 8192×4800 pixel frames. The work's music soundtrack was composed by Mark Matamoros.[21][22]

On January 6, 2016, director James Gunn stated that the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 would be the first (feature) film to be shot in 8K, using the Red Weapon 8K VV.[23] Villain (2017) is the first Indian film to be shot completely in 8K resolution.

Broadcasting

Japanese public broadcaster NHK began research and development on 8K in 1995, having spent over $1 billion on R & D since then.[24] Codenamed Super Hi-Vision (named after its old Hi-Vision analog HDTV system), NHK also was simultaneously working on the development of 22.2 channel surround sound audio. The world's first 8K television was unveiled by Sharp at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in 2012.[25] Experimental transmissions of the resolution were tested with the 2012 Summer Olympics, and at the Cannes Film Festival showcasing Beauties À La Carte, a 27-minute short showcased publicly on a 220” screen, with a three-year roadmap that entails the launch of 8K test broadcasting in 2016, with plans to roll out full 8K services by 2018, and in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[26]

Resolutions

comparison of 8K resolutions
ResolutionDisplay aspect ratioMegapixels
7680 × 21603.5:1 (32:9)16.6
7680 × 32002.4:1 (24:10)24.6
7680 × 32402.370:1 (64:27)24.6
7680 × 43201.78:1 (16:9)33.2
8192 × 43201.89:1 (17:9)35.4
8192 × 51201.60:1 (16:10)41.9
8192 × 81921.00:1 (1:1)67.1
comparison of 4320p resolutions
ResolutionDisplay aspect ratioMegapixels
15360 × 43203.5:1 (32:9)66
10368 × 43202.4:1 (24:10)44
10240 × 43202.370:1 (64:27)44
8640 × 42302.00:1 (18:9)37
8192 × 43201.89:1 (17:9)35.4
7680 × 43201.7:1 (16:9)33.2
6912 × 43201.60:1 (16:10)41.9

8K UHD is a resolution of 7680 × 4320 (33.2 megapixels) and is one of the two resolutions of ultra high definition television, the other being 4K UHD.[27] In 2013, a transmission network's capability to carry HDTV resolution was limited by internet speeds and relied on satellite broadcast to transmit the high data rates. The demand is expected to drive the adoption of video compression standards and to place significant pressure on physical communication networks in the near future.[28]

8K UHD has four times the horizontal and vertical resolution of the 1080p HDTV format, with sixteen times as many pixels overall.

8K fulldome

This chart shows the proportional scale differences from 1080p (1920×1080 pixels) to 8K×8K fulldome video.

8K fulldome is a resolution of 8192×8192 (67.1 megapixels) and is the resolution of top-end modern projection for hemispherical fulldome theatres often seen in planetaria.

Devices

TVs and monitors

Cameras

  • Sony CineAlta F65, Unveiled on September 7, 2011
  • Astrodesign AH-4800, 1.7-inch CMOS camera capable of recording in 8K resolution. Unveiled by on April 6, 2013.
  • RED Weapon Vista Vision 35MM 8K (8192×4320) at 60 fps in full-sensor mode, or up to 75 fps in a scope (2.40:1) frame format. The camera has a 40.96 x 21.6mm sensor based on the previous generation Dragon sensor. Unveiled at NAB 2015, released end of 2015.
  • RED Weapon Helium with an S35MM 8K 29.9 × 15.77mm 35.4 Megapixel CMOS sensor—up to 60 fps at 8K Full Format (8192 × 4320) with a dynamic range of 16.5+ stops; limited release July 2016, general release October 2016.
  • RED Epic-W with an S35MM 8K 29.9 × 15.77mm 35.4 Megapixel CMOS Helium sensor—up to 30 fps at 8K Full Format (8192 × 4320) with a dynamic range of 16.5+ stops; release date: October 2016.
  • Ikegami S35MM SHK-810 8K broadcast camera. Unveiled at NAB 2015.
  • Hitachi S35MM SK-UHD8060 broadcast camera Unveiled at NAB 2015.
  • Canon Cinema EOS System S35MM 8K camera. Unveiled September, 2015.
  • Panavision DXL 35MM 8K 60fps and HDR Digital Cinematography Camera (Vista Vision Sensor). May 2016
  • RED Monstro 8K VV[39] Oct 2017
  • Sharp S35MM 8C-B60A 8K Professional broadcast Camcorder[40] Nov 2017
  • Cinemartin Fran 8K VV Global Shutter, announced on 8 May 2018, starting sales in fall 2018.

Fulldome

  • Definiti 8K theaters, 8192×8192 resolution (apu)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Robert Silva. "8K Resolution - Definition and Explanation of 8K Video Resolution". About.com. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
  2. 1 2 Marine, Joe. "NHK Has Finally Shrunk Their 8K Resolution Camera, but How Close Are We to Shooting in 8K?". No Film School. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  3. ↑ Bloom, Phillip. "From Chicago to the Moon: The power of 4K resolution and how to make it work for you creatively". Archived from the original on 2015-03-28. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  4. ↑ Johnson, Luke. "Toshiba suggests 4K TVs will be mainstream by 2017". Trusted Reviews. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  5. ↑ Roy Furchgott. "Why You Don't Need a 4K TV". The New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  6. ↑ Staff, RedShark News. "RedShark News - RED's radical Helium S35 8K sensor: the story so far".
  7. ↑ "The history of Super Hi-Vision". Archived from the original on 2016-08-12.
  8. ↑ "World's First Hand-Held 8K Ultra High Definition Television Camera System, Developed in Collaboration with Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) (Press Release)". Ikegami. Archived from the original on 2016-08-22.
  9. ↑ "8K (SHV) Ultra High Resolution/High Definition Imaging". Archived from the original on 2016-04-03.
  10. ↑ "MHL Consortium Announces superMHL – the First Audio/Video Specification With Support Up to 8K". Yahoo Finance. January 6, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-20. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  11. ↑ Ryan Smith (January 6, 2015). "MHL Consortium Announces superMHL: New Standard & New Cable To Drive 8K TV". AnandTech. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  12. ↑ "Introducing superMHL". MHL. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  13. ↑ "VESA Publishes DisplayPort™ Standard Version 1.4 - DisplayPort". DisplayPort. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
  14. ↑ "Introducing HDMI 2.1 Specification". HDMI. Retrieved 2017-02-11.
  15. ↑ "Introducing the RED EPIC-W And New WEAPON Cameras".
  16. ↑ Ebert, Roger (2008-10-16). "Great Movies: Baraka (1992)". Chicago Sun-Times / RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
  17. 1 2 Rob Sabin (December 20, 2011). "Home Theater: Hollywood, The 4K Way". HomeTheater.com Ultimate Tech. Source Interlink Media. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
  18. ↑ Lawrence of Arabia on Blu-ray Later This Year. Blu-rayDefinition.com (June 12, 2012).
  19. ↑ "'To Space & Back' latest Planetarium feature". Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  20. ↑ Aftab, Kaleem. "Introducing 8K: The Final Frontier? | Filmmaker Magazine". Retrieved 2016-08-22.
  21. ↑ "First 8K – Filmatic Festival".
  22. ↑ "ArtPower!'s Filmatic Festival to Explore the Intersection of Science and Cinema". UC San Diego News Center. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  23. ↑ "James Gunn on Twitter".
  24. ↑ Shilov, Anton. "NHK Shows World's First 8K Movie at Cannes Film Festival". X Bit Labs. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  25. ↑ Singal, Nidhi. "CES 2013: Sharp showcases world's first 8K TV". Business Today. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
  26. ↑ Super-Hi Vision Update: Answering the Eight Biggest Questions on NHK 8K Production Jason Dachman. Sports Video Group. Friday, October 16, 2015 - 2:44 pm
  27. ↑ "CES 2013: Sharp Demoes Double-UHD (8K) Set, Two 4K Sets, 21 New Aquos 3D Smart TVs". DailyTech. Archived from the original on 2014-02-12. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
  28. ↑ "High Efficiency Video Coding". Motion Pictures Experts Group. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  29. ↑ "BOE Reveal World's Largest 8K Displays".
  30. ↑ "LG's 98-inch UH9800 is the world's first 8K HDR TV".
  31. ↑ Pachal, Pete. "Samsung takes TVs to 8K with 98-inch curved set".
  32. ↑ "8K TV solutions & Other Sightings : Cool gadgets and sightings at CES 2016".
  33. ↑ Worrel, Jon. "Changhong shows off 98-inch 8K 98ZHQ2R "Full UHD" display at CES 2016".
  34. ↑ "World's First 32-inch 8K & World's Overall Thinnest Monitors at CES 2017".
  35. ↑ "Dell UltraSharp 32 8K Monitor: UP3218K - Dell United States". Dell.
  36. ↑ "BOE's 8K display for laptops at CITE 2018 Shenzhen".
  37. ↑ "Integrated Systems Europe 2018 - 6-9 February 2018". www.iseurope.org. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  38. ↑ https://www.stuff.tv/hot-stuff/tvs/tcls-samsung-rivalling-8k-tv-rammed-tech
  39. ↑ "RED Announces The New MONSTRO 8K VV". www.red.com.
  40. ↑ "Sharp Announces 8C-B60A 8K Professional Camcorder". www.sharp-world.com.
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