2018 Cyprus gas dispute

The 2018 Cyprus gas dispute is a diplomatic dispute involving the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of the Republic of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean, which began on February 6, 2018. The dispute followed remarks made by Turkey's foreign minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, rejecting a 2003 Cypriot-Egyptian maritime border demarcation deal and announcing the Turkish government's intention to carry out gas exploration in the region.[1][2] Tensions in the region further escalated on February 9, when the Turkish Navy blocked a drill ship operated by Italian oil company Eni S.p.A, licensed by the government of the Republic of Cyprus, from exploring gas reserves off the island.[3]

Çavuşoğlu said during his interview with Kathimerini that Turkish Cypriots represented by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is only recognized by Turkey, have "undeniable rights" to the Cypriot EEZ.[4] Egypt's Foreign Ministry reacted by warning Turkey not to contest the 2013 deal and Egyptian economic interests in the region, adding that any attempts to do so would be confronted.[5] On February 16, Eni CEO Claudio Descalzi stated that the Turkish blockade of its drill ship, Saipem 12000, was out of Eni's hands and that the issue was being discussed by involved parties.[6]

Background

In the early 1970s, the Republic of Cyprus (RoC) gave oil companies permission to search the island's waters for hydrocarbons, and the first exploration started in 1977. Earlier, in 1974, Turkey invaded Cyprus, leaving in its wake an unresolved ethnic dispute and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) occupying the northern part of the island, which is only recognized by Turkey. In 2002, the Turkish Navy prevented Northern Alliance, a ship operated by a RoC-commissioned Norwegian company, from exploring the Cypriot EEZ. In 2003, the governments of Cyprus and Egypt signed maritime border agreement delineating their respective EEZs.[n 1] Cyprus also signed a similar agreement with the government of Lebanon in January 2007. Later that same month, the RoC defined thirteen zones (named "Blocks") in its EEZ, and invited tenders for eleven of them in the following months.[7] Turkey, a non-signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, claims Block 3 of the Cypriot EEZ as part of its continental shelf.[8] In November 2008, a Turkish Navy vessel was involved in a standoff with two ships operated by Norwegian company Petroleum Geo-Services, a day before the Turkish Petroleum Corporation was given Ankara's permission to explore waters claimed by the Cypriot government. Three days later, the RoC found Malene Ostervold, a Norwegian-flagged ship commissioned by Turkey, surveying the region's waters.[7] Ankara believes the Turkish Cypriot community should be allowed to benefit from the island's offshore resources. In 2014, Turkey deployed two warships to the Cypriot EEZ and started conducting seismic surveys in the region. Cypriot president Nicos Anastasiades responded by suspending unification talks with his Turkish Cypriot counterpart, Derviş Eroğlu. During a trilateral summit with Cyprus in Cairo, Egypt and Greece expressed their disapproval of the Turkish moves. They also outlined plans for energy cooperation in the eastern Mediterranean. Ankara responded by stating that the Turkish Navy would apply the rules of engagement should it encounter any warship in the region.[9]

In 2015, the Zohr Field was discovered by Eni in the Egyptian EEZ, setting off a gas exploration race in the eastern Mediterranean. Zohr also revived the Cypriot gas industry's potential to be part of regional projects, such as a gas pipeline to Europe. Other initiatives include a pipeline to Egypt's decommissioned liquefaction plants and shipping the produced liquefied natural gas (LNG) from Egyptian terminals to foreign markets.[10]

Timeline

The 2018 Cyprus gas dispute began on February 6, 2018. The dispute followed remarks made by Turkey's foreign minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, rejecting a 2003 Cypriot-Egyptian maritime border demarcation deal and announcing the Turkish government's intention to carry out gas exploration in the region.[11][12] Tensions in the region further escalated on February 9, when the Turkish Navy blocked a drill ship operated by Italian oil company Eni S.p.A, licensed by the government of the Republic of Cyprus, from exploring gas reserves off the island.[13]

Çavuşoğlu said during his interview with Kathimerini that Turkish Cypriots represented by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is only recognized by Turkey, have "undeniable rights" to the Cypriot EEZ.[14] Egypt's Foreign Ministry reacted by warning Turkey not to contest the 2013 deal and Egyptian economic interests in the region, adding that any attempts to do so would be confronted.[15] On February 16, Eni CEO Claudio Descalzi stated that the Turkish blockade of its drill ship, Saipem 12000, was out of Eni's hands and that the issue was being discussed by involved parties.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Egypt and Greece signed a similar agreement in February 2004.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Megahid, Ahmed (11 February 2018). "Tensions rise between Egypt and Turkey over eastern Mediterranean resources". The Arab Weekly. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  2. ↑ "Turkish rejection of 2003 Egypt-Cyprus border demarcation is 'unacceptable': Egyptian FM". Ahram Online. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  3. ↑ Gurcan, Metin (15 February 2018). "Tempers flare over gas exploration in Mediterranean". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  4. ↑ "Turkey to explore oil and gas in East Mediterranean, rejecting Egyptian-Cypriot agreement". Egypt Independent. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  5. ↑ "Egypt warns Turkey over eastern Mediterranean economic interests". Reuters. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  6. ↑ "Turkish blockade of ship off Cyprus is out of Eni's control: CEO". Reuters. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 Eissler, Eric R.; Arasıl, Gözde (2014). "Maritime Boundary Delimitation in the Eastern Mediterranean". The RUSI Journal. 159 (2): 10.1080/03071847.2014.912809.
  8. ↑ Kariotis, Theodore (15 February 2018). "Turkish challenges in Cyprus's EEZ". Kathimerini. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  9. ↑ Mostafa, Basma (4 April 2016). "Maritime Borders in the Eastern Mediterranean". Egypt Oil & Gas. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  10. ↑ Winter, Chase (2 April 2018). "Gas, pipeline dreams and gunboat diplomacy in Mediterranean". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  11. ↑ Megahid, Ahmed (11 February 2018). "Tensions rise between Egypt and Turkey over eastern Mediterranean resources". The Arab Weekly. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  12. ↑ "Turkish rejection of 2003 Egypt-Cyprus border demarcation is 'unacceptable': Egyptian FM". Ahram Online. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  13. ↑ Gurcan, Metin (15 February 2018). "Tempers flare over gas exploration in Mediterranean". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  14. ↑ "Turkey to explore oil and gas in East Mediterranean, rejecting Egyptian-Cypriot agreement". Egypt Independent. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  15. ↑ "Egypt warns Turkey over eastern Mediterranean economic interests". Reuters. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  16. ↑ "Turkish blockade of ship off Cyprus is out of Eni's control: CEO". Reuters. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.