1180s

America

• The last major volcanic eruption occurs of Sunset Crater, in Arizona.

Asia

• During the third year of the Jishō era of Japan, a devastating whirlwind damages Kyoto.
• Emperor Antoku succeeds Emperor Takakura, as emperor of Japan.
• Prince Mochihito amasses a large army, and instigates the Genpei War between the Taira and Minamoto clans.
• Kilij Arslan II allies with Saladin, after the death of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.

Europe

• April 13 – Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter.
• September 24 – Alexios II Komnenos succeeds as Byzantine Emperor, on the death of his father Manuel I Komnenos.
• September 18 – Philip II becomes King of France.
• Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of León.
• The Portuguese admiral D. Fuas Roupinho wins a second victory in two years, against the Almohad fleet.^[1]
• Artois is annexed by France.
• Frederick Barbarossa removes Henry the Lion from the Duchy of Saxony, and creates the Duchies of Westphalia and Styria.
• The Wittelsbach Family takes control of Bavaria.

Culture

• Alexander Neckam becomes a lecturer in Paris, and writes De Natura Rerum, an early mention of chess (approximate date).

Demography

• Estimation: Hangzhou, capital of Southern Song China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Fes in the Almohad Empire.^[2]

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