Flora of New York/Violaceae

← Malpighiales (1): Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae	Flora of New York — Malpighiales (2) : Violaceae				→ Malpighiales (3): Salicaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genus	Common names	#
Malpighiales	Hypericaceae	—	Hypericeae	Triadenum	marsh St. John's wort	2
	Hypericaceae	—	Hypericeae	Hypericum	St. John's wort	18
	Podostemaceae	Podostemoideae	—	Podostemum	river weed	1
	Elatinaceae	—	—	Elatine	water wort	3
	Violaceae	Violoideae	Violeae	Hybanthus	greenviolet	1
	Violaceae	Violoideae	Violeae	Viola	violet	57
	Salicaceae	Salicoideae	—	Populus	cottonwood, aspen, poplar	11
	Salicaceae	Salicoideae	—	Salix	willow	36
	Euphorbiaceae	Acalyphoideae	Acalypheae	Acalypha	copperleaf, three-seed mercury	4
				Mercurialis	herb mercury	1
				Ricinus	castor bean	1
		Crotonoideae	Crotoneae	Croton	rushfoil, hogwort	1
		Euphorbioideae	Euphorbieae	Euphorbia	spurge, sandmat	21
	Linaceae	Linoideae	Lineae	Linum	flax	9

Family Violaceae

The Violaceae (violet family) ...

Subfamily Violoideae

Tribe Violeae

Hybanthus

Of the four species of Hybanthus (greenviolets) that are native to North America, only Hybanthus concolor (the eastern greenviolet) has been discovered outside of cultivation in New York.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Hybanthus
Hybanthus	Greenviolet	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hybanthus concolor (T.F.Forst.) Spreng. 1802. Viola concolor T.F.Forst. 1819. Ionidium sprengleianum Roem. & Schult. 1824. Hybanthus concolor Spreng. 1824. Solea concolor Ging. 1878. Ionidium concolor S.Watson 1897. Cubelium concolor ex Britton & A.Br. Raf.	Green-violet, Eastern greenviolet, Nodding violet Hybanthe à fleurs verdâtres, Hybanthe	Native, C:8, Vulnerable FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp

Viola

The Viola genus has about 50 species found outside of cultivation in New York. The majority of the species are native to the region, though a few are escaped garden exotics. The subgeneric organization used here is is largely based on Ballard (1999).^[1]

Violets are often divided into two groups based on the presence of a stem that is shared between the flowers and leaves. "Stemmed" or "caulescent" means that the flowers and leaves share an above-ground stem, whereas "stemless" or "acaulescent" violets have separate petioles (attached to the leaves) and peduncles (attached to the flowers) that arise from an underground rootstock.

↑ Harvey E. Ballard, Kenneth J. Sytsma and Robert R. Kowal (1999) "Shrinking the Violets: Phylogenic Relationships of Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaeae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 23(4):439-458.

Viola sect. Canadenses

Viola sect. Canadenses contains the stemmed white violet, Viola canadensis.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Canadenses
Viola sect. Canadenses	Stemmed white violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola canadensis L. var. canadensis 1753. Viola canadensis L. 1836. Lophion canadense (L.) Spach 1841. V. scouleri Dougl. ex Steud. 1889. V. canadensis var. scariosa 1902. V. rydbergii Greene (i) 1902. V. neomexicana Greene (i) 1902. V. muriculata Greene (i) 1902. V. geminiflora Greene (i) 1906. V. canadensis var. rydbergii 1917. V. canadensis var. pubens 1938. V. canadensis var. corymbosa	Canada violet, Canadian white violet, Tall white violet Violette du Canada	Native, C:9, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Viola sect. Canadenses (excluded taxa)	Stemmed white violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola canadensis L. var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L.Hitchc. 1902. Viola rugulosa Greene 1918. Lophion rugulosum (Greene) Lunell 1961. V. canadensis var. rugulosa	Creepingroot violet	N. America native western N. America, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Viola sect. Chamaemelanium

The Viola section Chamaemelanium Ging. contains the stemmed yellow violets in subsection Nudicaules.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Chamaemelanium^[1]
Viola sect. Chamaemelanium subsect. Nudicaules	Stemmed yellow violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola pubescens Aiton var. pubescens 1789. Viola pubescens Aiton 1803. V. pensylvanica Michx. 1818. V. pubescens var. eriocarpa 1822. V. eriocarpon Schwein. 1914. Crocion pubescens Nieuwland 1914. Crocion eriocarpum Nieuwland 1923. V. pubescens var. peckii	Downy yellow violet, Hairy yellow violet, Yellow forest violet Violette pubescente	Native, C:7, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Viola pubescens Aiton var. scabriuscula Torr. & A.Gray 1901. V. scabriuscula Shafer 1922. V. eriocarpa var. leiocarpa 1938. V. pubescens var. scabriuscula 1940. V. eriocarpa fo. leiocarpa 1941. V. pensylvanica var. leiocarpoa 1967. V. pubescens var. leiocarpa	Smoothish yellow violet, Yellow forest violet, Common yellow violet Violette scabre	Native, C:7, Unranked Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-U USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Viola sect. Chamaemelanium subsect. Nudicaules (excluded taxa)	Stemmed yellow violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola hastata Michx. 1803. Viola hastata Michx. 1813. Viola trifida Spreng. 1822. Viola hirta Schwein. (ambig.)	Halberdleaf yellow violet, Halberd-leaved yellow violet	N. America native southern U.S., N.Y. excluded Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ BioLib.cz Viola sect. Chamaemelanium

Viola sect. Orbiculares

Viola rotundifolia
round-leaved yellow violet

Viola section Orbiculares contains the stemless yellow violet Viola rotundifolia.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Orbiculares
Viola sect. Orbiculares	Stemless yellow violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola rotundifolia Michx. (1803)	Roundleaf yellow violet, Round-leaved violet, Violette à feuilles rondes	Native, C:7, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Viola sect. Plagiostigma

Viola blanda
sweet white violet

Section Plagiostigma contains the stemless white violets.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Plagiostigma^[1]
Viola subsect. Adnatae	Stemless white violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie 1822. Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie	Great-spurred violet, Long-spurred violet, Selkirk's violet Violette de Selkirk	Native, C:8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Viola subsect. Stolonosae	Stemless white violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola blanda Willd. 1804. Viola blanda Willd. (i) 1905. Viola incognita Brainerd	Sweet white violet, Large-leaf white violet, Willdenow's violet, Woodland-white violet, Violette méconnue	Native, C:6, Unranked FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-U USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Viola lanceolata L. (1753) ssp. lanceolata	Bog white violet, Lance-leaved violet, Lance-leaved water violet	Native, C:7, Secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Viola macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd 1824. Viola rotundifolia var. pallens 1895. V. macloskeyi F.E.Lloyd 1905. V. pallens (Banks ex Ging.) Brainerd 1925. V. blanda var. macloskeyi 1938. V. pallens var. subreptans 1953. V. macloskeyi ssp. pallens 1961. V. macloskeyi var. pallens 1982. V. blanda ssp. macloskeyi	Small white violet, Smooth white violet, Sweet white violet, Northern white violet, Macloskey's violet Violette pâle, Violette minuscule, Violette de macloskey	Native, C:4, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Viola renifolia A.Gray	Kidney-leaf white violet, Kidney-leaved white violet, Northern white violet, White violet, Violette réniforme	Native, C:8, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Viola primulifolia L. var. primulifolia 1753. Viola primulifolia L. 1829. Viola primulifolia var. villosa 1838. Viola primulifolia var. acuta 1955. Viola primulifolia ssp. villosa	Primrose-leaf violet, Primrose-leaved violet	Native, C:10, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[2]			NYFA-2 USDA-N0 NPT ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Viola × modesta House Viola lanceolata × Viola primulifolia 1910. V. lanceolata × primulifolia Dowell 1924. Viola × modesta House	Hybrid of bog white violet violet & primrose-leaf violet	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-H? USDA-N0 ARS ITIS Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Viola × mollicula House Viola macloskeyi × Viola primulifolia var primulifolia 1924. Viola × mollicula House Viola pallens × primulifolia	Hybrid of small white violet & primrose-leaf violet	Native, Impersistent			NYFA-Um USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Viola subsect. Stolonosae (excluded taxa)	Stemless white violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola × sublanceolata House (pro. hybr.)^[3] Viola lanceolata × Viola macloskeyi 1921. Viola lanceolata × pallens House 1924. Viola × sublanceolata House auct. Viola primulifolia non L. (1753)	Lance-leaved violet, Lanceleaf violet, Primose-leaved violet Violette sublancéolée	Native, Impersistent			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NEW-0 Can ITIS Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Viola villosa Walter 1788. Viola villosa Walter 1895. V. palmata var. villosa	Carolina violet	N. America native southern U.S., N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ BioLib.cz Viola sect. Plagiostigma ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Viola primulifolia. Threatened, S2/G5. ↑ Homer D. House (1924) Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York State, page 508.

Viola sect. Melanium

The Viola section Melanium contains plants commonly known as pansies. The only North American native pansy is Viola bicolor, which is also the only annual Viola species with cleistogamous flowers.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Melanium^[1]
Viola sect. Melanium	Pansies	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola bicolor Pursh 1813. Viola bicolor Pursh 1899. V. rafinesquei Greene 1938. V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquei auct. V. kitaibeliana non Roem. & Schult.	Wild pansy, Field pansy Violette de Rafinesque	Native, C:9, Endangered FACU Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT ARS FNA Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Viola arvensis Murray 1770. Viola arvensis Murray 1864. V. tricolor ssp. arvensis	European field pansy, Small wild pansy Violette des champs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Naturalized Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XW NPT ARS FNA Images, wsp
Viola tricolor L. var. tricolor	Johnny jumpup, Three colored violet	Introduced, Naturalized			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Viola sect. Melanium (excluded taxa)	Pansies	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola kitaibeliana Roem. & Schult.		Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD NPT Images, wsp
↑ BioLib.cz - Viola sect. Melanium

Viola sect. Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae

Viola affinis Leconte (LeConte's violet) from Homer D. House, Wild Flowers of New York, 1918.

The taxa of Viola subsection Boreali-Americanae W.Becker are native exclusively to North America (including northern Mexico). They are commonly referred to as the "stemless (or acaulescent) blue violets", as the leaf petioles and flower peduncles arise directly from the rhizome instead of from a shared above-ground stem. Their classification has long been in flux, partially due to apparent introgressive hybridization within the subsection.^[1]

↑ Nir L. Gil-ad, "Key to the "Stemless Blue" Violets, Subsection Boreali-Americanae, of the Chicago Region - Expert Version", Field Museum Keys to Nature Project, Chicago.

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Viola^[1] subsect. Boreali-Americanae
Viola sect. Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae	Stemless blue violets	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola sororia Willd. 1809. Viola sororia Willd. 1814. Viola papilionacea Pursh 1838. Viola cucullata var. sororia 1898. Viola septentrionalis Greene 1898. Viola palmata var. sororia 1901. Viola nodosa Greene 1902. Viola latiuscula Greene 1910. Viola chalcosperma Brainerd	Common blue violet, Woolly blue violet, Hairy blue violet, Downy blue violet, Hooded blue violet, Common violet, Sister violet Violette parente, Violette septentrionale	Native, C:3, Secure FAC Annual, Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp
Viola septentrionalis Greene = Viola sororia	Northern blue violet, Northern woodland violet, Northern bog violet Violette septentrionale	Native, C:3, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA BNA Images, wsp
Viola affinis Leconte 1826. Viola affinis Leconte 1902. Viola arizonica Greene 1939. Viola nephrophylla var. arizonica 1992. Viola sororia var. affinis 1996. Viola sororia ssp. affinis	Le Conte's violet, Sand violet, Arizona bog violet, Common blue violet, Thin-leaved blue violet Violette affine	Native, Secure FACW Annual, Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images
Viola novae-angliae House 1904. Viola novae-angliae House 1935. Viola septentrionalis var. grisea 1992. Viola sororia var. novae-angliae 1997. Viola novae-angliae ssp. grisea 2010. Viola sororia var. grisea	New England violet, New England blue violet Violette de Nouvelle-Angleterre, Violette de la Nouvelle-Angleterre	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Viola nephrophylla Greene 1896. Viola nephrophylla Greene 1896. Viola cognata Greene 1940. Viola maccabeiana M.S.Baker 1961. Viola nephrophylla var. cognata	Northern bog violet, Wanderer violet, Sand violet, Blue meadow violet Violette néphrophylle, Violete des calcaires	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[3]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Viola cucullata Aiton 1768. Viola obliqua Hill 1789. Viola cucullata Aiton 1886. Viola palmata var. cucullata	Marsh blue violet, Blue marsh violet, Longstem marsh violet Violette cucullée, Violette dressée	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS BNA Images, wsp
Viola palmata L. 1753. Viola palmata L. 1817. Viola esculenta Elliott 1822. Viola triloba Schwein. 1867. Viola cucullata var. palmata 1897. Viola porteriana Pollard 1899. Viola falcata Greene 1901. Viola viarum Pollard 1905. Viola stoneana House 1910. Viola lovelliana Brainerd 1924. Viola festata House	Early blue violet, Three-lobe violet, Palmate-leaf violet, Wood violet, Crowfoot violet, Cleft violet Violette palmée	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene 1898. Viola emarginata var. subsinuata 1898. Viola pedatifida var. bernardii 1899. Viola subsinuata Greene 1902. Viola angelliae Pollard 1903. Viola × bernardii Greene 1904. Viola palmata var. angelliae auct. Viola palmata non L	Palmate-leaved violet, Early blue violet, Bernard's violet, Bernard violet, Pale violet, Wavy-leaved violet, Greene's Violet^[4], Wood violet	Native, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N0 NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Viola sagittata Aiton var. ovata (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray 1817. Viola fimbriatula Sm. 1818. Viola ovata Nutt. 1838. Viola sagittata var. ovata	Northern downy violet, Arrowleaf violet, Arrow-leaved violet, Ovate-leaved violet, Sand violet, Fringed violet, Fimbriate violet Violette à feuilles frangées	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS BNA Images, wsp
Viola sagittata Aiton var. sagittata 1789. Viola sagittata Aiton 1818. Viola sagittata var. emarginata 1827. Viola emarginata (Nutt.) Leconte	Arrow-leaved violet, Fringed violet Violette sagittée, Violette sagittée variété sagittée	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Viola brittoniana Pollard 1898. Viola brittoniana Pollard 1904. Viola pectinata E.P.Bicknell 1952. Viola brittoniana var. pectinata 1992. Viola pedatifida ssp. brittoniana 2010. Viola pedatifida var. brittoniana	Coastal violet, Coast violet, Northern coastal violet, Britton’s violet	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[5] FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NPT ARS ITIS NSE BNA Images, wsp
Viola hirsutula Brainerd 1907. Viola hirsutula Brainerd	Southern wood violet, Southern woodland violet	Native, Endangered, No recent reports			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 ARS ITIS BNA Images, wsp
↑ BioLib.cz Viola sect. Viola ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Viola novae-angliae (V. sororia var. grisea). Endangered, S1/G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Viola nephrophylla. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ The American Violet Society website: Viola subsinuata ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Viola brittoniana. Endangered, S1/G4G5.

Viola sect. Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae hybrids

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Viola^[1] subsect. Boreali-Americanae
Viola sect. Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae	Stemless blue violet hybrids	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola × filicetorum Greene Viola affinis × Viola sororia 1906. Viola filicetorum Greene V. × columbiana House V. × consona House	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & common blue violet	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1? USDA-N0 Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Viola × hollickii House (1924) Viola affinis × Viola sagittata V. × dissena House	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & arrow-leaved violet	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1? USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × slavinii House (1924) Viola affinis × Viola triloba V. × discors House V. × milleri Moldenke	Slavin's violet, Hybrid of LeConte's violet & three-lobe violet	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1? USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × conjugens Greene (pro sp.) Viola sagittata × Viola sororia 1899. V. conjugens Greene 1924. V. × parca House	Northern bog violet (hybrid), Hybrid of arrow-leaf violet & common blue violet	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-H? NYFA-U ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × populifolia Greene (pro sp. 1898) Viola sororia × Viola triloba	Peck's violet, Hybrid of common blue violet & three-lobe violet	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-H? USDA-NN Images, wsp
Viola × melissifolia Greene (pro sp. 1902) Viola septentrionalis × Viola sororia V. × montivaga House (1924)	Hybrid of Northern blue violet & common blue violet	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-H? Images, wsp
Viola × ravida House (1924) Viola hirsutula × Viola × palmata V. × dissita	Hybrid of southern wood violet & early blue violet	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Zm USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × bissellii House (1924) Viola cucullata × Viola sororia V. × conturbata House	Bissell's violet, Hybrid of marsh blue violet & common blue violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × consobrina House (1924) Viola affinis × Viola hirsutula V. × dowelliana House	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & southern wood violet	Native, Impersistent			NYFA-U USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Viola × consocia House (1924) Viola affinis × Viola cucullata	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & marsh blue violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × cordifolia (Nutt.) Schwein. (pro sp. 1929) Viola hirsutula × Viola sororia V. × perpera House	Hybrid of southern wood violet & common blue violet	Native, Impersistent			NYFA-Um USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × mistura House (1924) Viola × palmata × Viola sagittata	Hybrid of early blue violet & arrow-leaf violet	Native, Impersistent			NYFA-Um USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × mulfordiae Pollard (pro sp. 1902) Viola brittoniana × Viola sagittata V. × marylandica House V. × holmiana House	Hybrid of northern coastal violet & arrow-leaf violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × notabilis Bicknell (pro sp. 1904) Viola brittoniana × Viola cucullata	Hybrid of northern coastal violet & marsh blue violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × ryoniae House (1924) Viola cucullata × Viola × palmata V. × notabilis Bickn.	Ryon's violet, Hybrid of marsh blue violet & early blue violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-N0 ITIS Images, wsp
Viola affinis × brittoniana Dowell Viola affinis × Viola brittoniana 1910. Viola affinis × brittoniana Dowell	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & northern coastal violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA- Images, wsp
V. affinis × sagittata var. ovata Viola affinis × Viola sagittata var. ovata 1910. Viola affinis × fimbriatuala Dowell	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & northern downy violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U Images, wsp
Viola affinis × palmata Dowell 1910. Viola affinis × palmata Dowell	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & northern downy violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U Images, wsp
Viola sect. Viola subsect. Boreali-Americanae (excluded taxa)	Stemless blue violet hybrids	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola × champlainensis House Viola affinis × Viola septentrionalis 1924. Viola champlainensis House	Hybrid of LeConte's violet & northern blue violet	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Viola × redacta House V. hirsutula × V. sagittata var. sagittata 1924. Viola × redacta House 1924. Viola dimissa House	Hybrid of southern wood violet & arrow-leaf violet	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ BioLib.cz Viola sect. Viola

Viola sect. Viola subsect. Pedatae

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Viola subsect. Pedatae
Viola subsect. Pedatae	Violet	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola pedata L. 1753. Viola pedata L. Viola pedata var. concolor Viola pedata var. lineariloba Viola pedata var. ranunculifolia	Birdfoot violet, Bird's-foot violet, Crowfoot violet, Pansy violet Violette pédalée, Violette pied-d'oiseau	Native, Rare FACU-UPL Perennial, Herb=forb			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Viola sect. Viola subsect. Rostratae

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Viola subsect. Rostratae
Viola sect. Viola subsect. Rostratae	Violet	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola rostrata Pursh var. rostrata 1814. Viola rostrata Pursh	Long-spur violet, Long-spurred violet Violette rostrée, Violette à long éperon	Native, Secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Viola adunca Sm. var. adunca 1817. Viola adunca Sm. Viola aduncoides Viola bellidifolia Viola cascadensis Viola montanensis Viola subvestita	Sand violet, Hookedspur violet, Western dog violet	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp
Viola labradorica Schrank 1818. Viola labradorica Schrank 1823. Viola conspersa Rchb.	Alpine violet, American dog violet, Labrador violet, Violette décombante, Violette du labrador	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-5 USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp
Viola striata Aiton (1789)	Striped cream violet, Cream-white violet, Pale violet	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN ARS ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × eclipes H.E.Ballard (1989) [ labradorica × striata ]	Hybrid American dog violet & striped cream violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp
Viola × malteana House [ labradorica × rostrata ]	Hybrid American dog violet & long-spur violet	Native, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp

Viola sect. Viola subsect. Viola

Malpighiales — Violaceae — Violoideae — Violeae — Viola sect. Viola subsect. Viola
Viola sect. Viola subsect. Viola	Violet	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Viola odorata L.	English violet, Sweet violet	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp

Family Passifloraceae

The Passifloraceae (passion-flower family) ...

Subfamily Passifloroideae

Tribe Passifloreae

Passiflora

Malpighiales — Passifloraceae — Passifloroideae — Passifloreae — Passiflora
Passiflora (excluded species)	Passionflower	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Passiflora incarnata L. 1753. Passiflora incarnata L. 1787. Granadilla incarnata (L.) Medik. 1826. Passiflora kerii Spreng. 1871. Passiflora edulis var. kerii	Purple passionflower	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ARS Trop. Images, wsp

← Malpighiales (1): Hypericaceae, Podostemaceae, Elatinaceae	Flora of New York — Malpighiales (2) : Violaceae				→ Malpighiales (3): Salicaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

References

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[1] Harvey E. Ballard, Kenneth J. Sytsma and Robert R. Kowal (1999) "Shrinking the Violets: Phylogenic Relationships of Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaeae) Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA Sequences." Systematic Botany 23(4):439-458.

[2] BioLib.cz Viola sect. Chamaemelanium

[3] BioLib.cz Viola sect. Plagiostigma

[4] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Viola primulifolia. Threatened, S2/G5.

[5] Homer D. House (1924) Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York State, page 508.