𐭪𐭫𐭲

Middle Persian

Alternative forms
  • 𐭪𐭥𐭲‎ (-krt /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩‎ (-krty /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩‎ (-klty /-kirt, -gird/) – Inscriptional Pahlavi
  • [script needed] (-krt' /-kirt, -gird/) – Book Pahlavi
  • -𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅‎ (-gyrd) – Manichaean

Etymology

From Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”) (compare [script needed] (duškṛta, “ill-done”)),[1][2] from [script needed] (kar-, “to do, make, build”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kar- (“to do, make”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, construct”); see کردن‎ (kardan) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα (Zadrakárta, “Zadracarta”),[3] an Old Iranian borrowing.

Akin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕‎ (-krt /-kirt, -gird/), 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕‎ (dstkrt /dastgird/, “estate”), 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕‎ (ḥštrkrt /Šahrgird/, “a Sasanian fortress”), Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔‎ (rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”),[4] and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian -կերտ (-kert, literally “made, done”), դաստ-ա-կերտ (dast-a-kert, “possession, property; building, village”, literally “handmade”), ձեռ-ա-կերտ (jeṙ-a-kert, “manufacture”), Տիգրան-ա-կերտ (Tigran-a-kert, “Tigranocerta”, literally “founded by Tigran”), Խոսրով-ա-կերտ (Xosrov-a-kert, literally “founded by Khosrov”),[2] Ալաշկերտ (Alaškert), Մանազկերտ (Manazkert), Մանաւազակերտ (Manawazakert), Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ (Mantzikért), Turkish Malazgirt.

Suffix

𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (-klt /-kirt, -gird/)

  1. (literally) made by
    1. suffix forming city names

Derived terms
  • 𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅‎ (dstygyrd), [Book Pahlavi needed] (YDEkrt'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dstkrt'), 𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲‎ (dstklt /dast(a)gird/, “estate”)
  • [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlxsyndrgyrd /Alaxsindargird/, “Alexandria in Roman Egypt”)[4]
  • [Book Pahlavi needed] (plʾhwklt /Frāxkard/)
  • [Book Pahlavi needed] (plškrt' /fraš(a)gird/)
  • 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲‎ (štrkrty /Šahrgird/, “Sasanian fortress”)
  • 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩‎ (yzdklty /Yazdgird/), 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩‎ (yzdkrty /Yazdgird/, “Yazdegerd”, literally “made by god”)

Descendants
  • Persian: _گرد‎ (-gerd, -gard), _جرد‎ (-jerd)
    • دستجرد‎ (Dastjerd), دستگرد‎ (Dastgerd, “Dastgerd”)
    • سوسنگرد‎ (Susangerd, “Susangerd”)
    • دارابگرد‎ (Dârâbgard, “Darabgard”)
    • بروجرد‎ (Borujerd, “Boroujerd”)
    • بهرامجرد‎ (Bahrâmjerd, “Bahramjerd”)
    • ولوگرد‎ (Valugerd), ولوجرد‎ (Valujerd, “Valujerd”)
    • بشاگرد‎ (Bašâgard, “Bashagard”)
    • ملازگرد‎ (Malâzgerd, “Malazgirt”)
    • طغرلجرد‎ (Toğroljerd)
    • راهجرد‎ (Râhjerd)
    • سامانجرد‎ (Sâmânjerd)
    • بارانگرد‎ (Bârângerd)
    • بختاجرد‎
    • بزنجرد‎
    • ولازجرد‎ (Valâzjerd)
    • بهجرد‎ (Behjerd)
    • انجرد‎ (Anjerd)
    • ساسانجرد‎ (Sâsânjerd)
    • شاپورگرد‎ (Šâpurgerd)
    • مهرجرد‎ (Mehrjerd, “a village and fort”)
    • سیاوش گرد‎ (Siyâvash gerd) attested in Shahnameh
    • *آزادگرد‎ (*Âzâdgerd), attested as ازادجرد‎ (Azādjird) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik
    • ایران گرده‎ (Irân Girda/Garda?), ایران کرده‎ (Irân Karda?, “Minar of Firuzabad?”, literally “made by Aryans?”) (hapax in Fars-Nama of Ibn al-Bakhi)
  • > Arabic: جرد‎ (-jird) (transliteration)

References
  1. http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/index3.pdf
  2. Rüdiger Schmitt (December 15, 1986), "ARMENIA AND IRAN iv. Iranian influences in Armenian Language", in Encyclopaedia Iranica
  3. Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel), “Zadracarta”, in: Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Consulted online on 24 June 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e12214250>
  4. Places and people in Central Asia and in the Graeco-Roman Near East : a multilingual gazetteer from select Pre-Islamic sources
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