자다

Korean

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key)[t͡ɕa̠da̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[자다]
Revised Romanization? jada
Revised Romanization (translit.)? jada
McCune–Reischauer? chada
Yale Romanization? cata

Verb

자다 • (jada) (infinitive 자, sequential 자니)

  1. to sleep
    개는 잠을 잡니다.
    Gaeneun jameul jamnida.
    The dog is sleeping.
    일반적인 사람들은 밤에 자고 아침에 일어나지만 밤에 활동하고 아침에 자는 사람들도 존재한다.
    Ilbanjeogin saramdeureun bame jago achime ireonajiman bame hwaldonghago achime janeun saramdeuldo jonjaehanda.
    Ordinary people sleep at night and wake up in the morning, but there are people who are active at night and sleep in the morning.)

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 자다 (jada)
Stems
Stem 1 자 (ja)
Stem 2 자 (ja)
Stem 3 자 (ja)
Conjugation type Vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 잔다
janda		 자
ja		 자요
jayo		 잡니다
jamnida
Past 잤다
jatda		 잤어
jasseo		 잤어요
jasseoyo		 잤습니다
jatseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 자느냐
janeunya		 자
ja		 자요
jayo		 잡니까
jamnikka
Past 잤느냐
janneunya		 잤어
jasseo		 잤어요
jasseoyo		 잤습니까
jatseumnikka
Hortative 자자
jaja		자
ja		자요
jayo		잡시다
japsida
Imperative 자라
jara		자
ja		자요
jayo		잡시오
japsio
Assertive 자겠다
jagetda		자겠어
jagesseo		자겠어요
jagesseoyo		자겠습니다
jagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 자
ja		자서
jaseo		자니
jani		자니까
janikka
Contrast 자지만
jajiman		자는데
janeunde		자더니
jadeoni
Conjunction 자고
jago
Condition 자면
jamyeon		자야
jaya
Motive 자려고
jaryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 잠
jam		자기
jagi
Past-tense verbal nouns 잤음
jasseum		잤기
jatgi
Determiners Past 잔
jan
Present 자는
janeun
Future 잘
jal

Honorific: 주무시다 (jumusida)

Usage notes

자다 (jada) has two forms for the 해라체 (haerache, “plain”) imperative. The blunt form is regular: 자라 (jara, “sleep!”). The less blunt form is irregular: 자거라 (jageora, “sleep well!”). Other verbs with the irregular non-blunt form are 일어나다 (ireonada, “to get up”), 자라다 (jarada, “to grow”), 가다 (gada, “to go”), and compound verbs ending in 가다 (gada).

Synonyms
  • 재우다 (jae-uda, “to cause to sleep”)
  • 주무시다 (jumusida, “to sleep”) (honorific)
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