괴롭다

Korean

Etymology

From 고 (苦, go) + —롭다 (ropda).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key)[kwe̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠] ~ [kø̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic Hangul[궤롭따/괴롭따]

Revised Romanization^?	goeropda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	goelobda
McCune–Reischauer^?	koeropta
Yale Romanization^?	koylopqta

Adjective

괴롭다 • (goeropda) (irregular, infinitive 괴로워, sequential 괴로우니)

(to be) painful, distressing
(to be) embarrassed

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 괴롭다 (goeropda)

Stems
Stem 1	괴롭 (goerop)
Stem 2	괴로워 (goerowo)
Stem 3	괴로우 (goerou)
Conjugation type	Consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	괴롭다 goeropda	괴로워 goerowo	괴로워요 goerowoyo	괴롭습니다 goeropseumnida
Indicative	Past	괴로웠다 goerowotda	괴로웠어 goerowosseo	괴로웠어요 goerowosseoyo	괴로웠습니다 goerowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	괴로우냐 goerounya	괴로워 goerowo	괴로워요 goerowoyo	괴롭습니까 goeropseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	괴로웠냐 goerowonnya	괴로웠어 goerowosseo	괴로웠어요 goerowosseoyo	괴로웠습니까 goerowotseumnikka
Assertive		괴롭겠다 goeropgetda	괴롭겠어 goeropgesseo	괴롭겠어요 goeropgesseoyo	괴롭겠습니다 goeropgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		괴로워 goerowo	괴로워서 goerowoseo	괴로우니 goerouni	괴로우니까 goerounikka
Contrast		괴롭지만 goeropjiman	괴로운데 goerounde	괴롭더니 goeropdeoni
Conjunction		괴롭고 goeropgo
Condition		괴로우면 goeroumyeon	괴로워야 goerowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		괴로움 goeroum	괴롭기 goeropgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		괴로웠음 goerowosseum	괴로웠기 goerowotgi
Determiners	Present		괴로운 goeroun
Determiners	Future		괴로울 goeroul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	괴로우시다 goerousida	괴로우셔 goerousyeo	괴로우세요, 괴로우셔요 goerouseyo, goerousyeoyo	괴로우십니다 goerousimnida
Indicative	Past	괴로우셨다 goerousyeotda	괴로우셨어 goerousyeosseo	괴로우셨어요 goerousyeosseoyo	괴로우셨습니다 goerousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	괴로우시냐 goerousinya	괴로우셔 goerousyeo	괴로우세요, 괴로우셔요 goerouseyo, goerousyeoyo	괴로우십니까 goerousimnikka
Interrogative	Past	괴로우셨냐 goerousyeonnya	괴로우셨어 goerousyeosseo	괴로우셨어요 goerousyeosseoyo	괴로우셨습니까 goerousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		괴로우시겠다 goerousigetda	괴로우시겠어 goerousigesseo	괴로우시겠어요 goerousigesseoyo	괴로우시겠습니다 goerousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		괴로우셔 goerousyeo	괴로우셔서 goerousyeoseo	괴로우시니 goerousini	괴로우시니까 goerousinikka
Contrast		괴로우시지만 goerousijiman	괴로우신데 goerousinde	괴로우시더니 goerousideoni
Conjunction		괴로우시고 goerousigo
Condition		괴로우시면 goerousimyeon	괴로우셔야 goerousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		괴로우심 goerousim	괴로우시기 goerousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		괴로우셨음 goerousyeosseum	괴로우셨기 goerousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		괴로우신 goerousin
Determiners	Future		괴로우실 goerousil

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