같다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆮᄒᆞ다 (geotheoda). Analysable as root ᄀᆞᆮ— (kot-, “to be like”) + ᄒᆞ— (ho-, “to do”) (Modern 하— (ha-)) + —다 (da). Compare Japanese 如し (gotoshi, “like; as if”). First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᇀ다 (geotda).

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

IPA^(key)[ka̠t̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic Hangul[갇따]

Revised Romanization^?	gatda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	gatda
McCune–Reischauer^?	katta
Yale Romanization^?	kathqta

Adjective

같다 • (gatda) (infinitive 같아, sequential 같으니)

(to be) the same
같은 말을 되풀이하다
gateun mareul doepurihada
to say the same thing over and over

너의 어머니와 같다
neoui eomeoniwa gatda
the same as your mother
(to be) like or similar (often used with 와 (wa)/과 (gwa))
(to be) probably so; (to be) apparently so
In this sense, it often follows 것 (geot) and is often translated as "it looks like".

비가 올 것 같다.
Biga ol geot gatda.
It looks like it will rain.

공항까지 지하철을 타면 될 것 같은데 혹시 지하철이 어디 있는지 아세요?
Gonghangkkaji jihacheoreul tamyeon doel geot gateunde hoksi jihacheori eodi inneunji aseyo?
I think I can take the subway to the airport. Do you know where the subway is?

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 같다 (gatda)

Stems
Stem 1	같 (gat)
Stem 2	같아 (gata)
Stem 3	같으 (gateu)
Conjugation type	Consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	같다 gatda	같아 gata	같아요 gatayo	같습니다 gatseumnida
Indicative	Past	같았다 gatatda	같았어 gatasseo	같았어요 gatasseoyo	같았습니다 gatatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	같으냐 gateunya	같아 gata	같아요 gatayo	같습니까 gatseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	같았냐 gatannya	같았어 gatasseo	같았어요 gatasseoyo	같았습니까 gatatseumnikka
Assertive		같겠다 gatgetda	같겠어 gatgesseo	같겠어요 gatgesseoyo	같겠습니다 gatgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		같아 gata	같아서 gataseo	같으니 gateuni	같으니까 gateunikka
Contrast		같지만 gatjiman	같은데 gateunde	같더니 gatdeoni
Conjunction		같고 gatgo
Condition		같으면 gateumyeon	같아야 gataya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		같음 gateum	같기 gatgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		같았음 gatasseum	같았기 gatatgi
Determiners	Present		같은 gateun
Determiners	Future		같을 gateul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	같으시다 gateusida	같으셔 gateusyeo	같으세요, 같으셔요 gateuseyo, gateusyeoyo	같으십니다 gateusimnida
Indicative	Past	같으셨다 gateusyeotda	같으셨어 gateusyeosseo	같으셨어요 gateusyeosseoyo	같으셨습니다 gateusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	같으시냐 gateusinya	같으셔 gateusyeo	같으세요, 같으셔요 gateuseyo, gateusyeoyo	같으십니까 gateusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	같으셨냐 gateusyeonnya	같으셨어 gateusyeosseo	같으셨어요 gateusyeosseoyo	같으셨습니까 gateusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		같으시겠다 gateusigetda	같으시겠어 gateusigesseo	같으시겠어요 gateusigesseoyo	같으시겠습니다 gateusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		같으셔 gateusyeo	같으셔서 gateusyeoseo	같으시니 gateusini	같으시니까 gateusinikka
Contrast		같으시지만 gateusijiman	같으신데 gateusinde	같으시더니 gateusideoni
Conjunction		같으시고 gateusigo
Condition		같으시면 gateusimyeon	같으셔야 gateusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		같으심 gateusim	같으시기 gateusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		같으셨음 gateusyeosseum	같으셨기 gateusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		같으신 gateusin
Determiners	Future		같으실 gateusil

Synonyms

(obsolete) 닿다 (data) First attested in the "Akhak Gwebeom" 악학궤범 (akhakgwebeom), 1493, as 닿다 (data).
(obsolete) 답다 (dapda) First attested in the "Buljeong Shimdaranigyeong", "Gwaneumgyeong Eeonhae" 불정심다라니경 (buljeongsimdaranigyeong) 관음경언해 (gwaneumgyeong-eonhae), 1485, as 답다 (dapda).

Antonyms

다르다 (dareuda)

Derived terms

Adverb/particle: 같이 (gachi)
같잖다 (gatjanta)
똑같다 (ttokgatda)

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