ꜣwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) wide, to be(come) long
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) long (in time or duration)
  3. (intransitive) to be(come) rich or abundant in something, particularly offerings [Late Period, Greco-Roman Period]
  4. (intransitive, shortened from ꜣwj-jb) to rejoice, be(come) glad [Greco-Roman Period]

Usage notes

This intransitive use of this verb is attested earlier than the transitive use below.

Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜣwt, ꜣwj
 ꜣww, ꜣw
 ꜣwt, ꜣwwt, ꜣwyt
 ꜣw
 ꜣw, ꜣwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜣw8
 ḥr ꜣwt, ḥr ꜣwj
 m ꜣwt, m ꜣwj
 r ꜣwt, r ꜣwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ꜣw.n
 consecutive ꜣw.jn
terminative ꜣwt, ꜣwyt
perfective3 ꜣw
 obligative ꜣw.ḫr
imperfective ꜣw, ꜣwy
prospective3 ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
 potentialis ꜣw.kꜣ
subjunctive ꜣw, ꜣwy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ꜣw.n
 — —
perfective ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw
 ꜣw
 ꜣwy, ꜣw
imperfective ꜣw, ꜣwy, ꜣww5
 ꜣw, ꜣwj6, ꜣwy6
 ꜣw, ꜣww5
prospective ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw, ꜣwtj7
 ꜣwwtj1 4, ꜣwtj4, ꜣwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj  


ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwj
[Old Kingdom] [18th Dynasty] [18th Dynasty] [Late Egyptian]

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: ꜥw

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to extend, to stretch out (a hand or arm)
  2. (transitive) to give as an offering
  3. (transitive) to present or deliver, particularly a document to an authority
  4. (transitive) to announce or present (a person) (+ n: to someone)
  5. (reflexive) to arouse? oneself (to fight)
    • 18th Dynasty, scarab of Tuthmosis IV:[1]










      jr ꜣww.f sw r ꜥḥꜣ jtn r ḥꜣt.f sw (ḥr) sksk ḏww ḥr ptpt ḫꜣswt
      If he arouses himself to fight, with the Aten in front of him, he destroys the mountains and tramples down the foreign lands.

Inflection
Conjugation of ꜣwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜣw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜣwt, ꜣwj
 ꜣww, ꜣw
 ꜣwt, ꜣwwt, ꜣwyt
 ꜣw
 ꜣw, ꜣwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜣw8
 ḥr ꜣwt, ḥr ꜣwj
 m ꜣwt, m ꜣwj
 r ꜣwt, r ꜣwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜣw.n
 ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
 consecutive ꜣw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜣwt, ꜣwyt
perfective3 ꜣw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative ꜣw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜣw, ꜣwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
 ꜣww, ꜣw, ꜣwy
 potentialis ꜣw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜣw, ꜣwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜣw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜣw
 ꜣwy, ꜣw
imperfective ꜣw, ꜣwy, ꜣww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜣw, ꜣwj6, ꜣwy6
 ꜣw, ꜣww5
prospective ꜣww1, ꜣwy, ꜣw, ꜣwtj7
 — ꜣwwtj1 4, ꜣwtj4, ꜣwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwj  




ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwj ꜣwy jꜣwj
[Old Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [Late Egyptian] [Late Egyptian] [Late Egyptian] [Late Period]

Derived terms

Descendants

From the imperative:

  • Demotic: jꜣw
    • Coptic: ⲁⲩ (au)

From the imperative compounded with sw:

  • Coptic: ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲥ (aueis)

References
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 3.12–4.6, 5.4–5.12
  • Lesko, Leonard; Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, volume 1, second edition, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 2–3
  • Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, page 3–4
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 1–2
  • Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 14, 230
  1. Shorter, Alan W. (1931) “Historical Scarabs of Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis III” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 17, page 23
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