ꜣwt-jb

Egyptian

Etymology

Most likely from the infinitive of ꜣwj-jb (“to be happy”); however, some instead suggest a derivation directly from ꜣwt (“length”) +‎ jb (“heart”) in a direct genitive construction. The former would imply the noun is masculine; the latter, feminine. It is attested a few times modified by (apparently masculine) nb, suggesting that the former is the case, but the omission of feminine adjective endings is also not unusual.

Pronunciation

Noun

 ?

  1. happiness, joy

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwt-jb  







ꜣwt-jb ꜣwt-jb ꜣwt-jb ꜣw-jb ꜣw-jb ꜣw-jb
[Late Egyptian] [Late Egyptian] [Late Period] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]

Noun

 ?

  1. a pectoral amulet in the form of the hieroglyphs

    ligatured, presumably intended to bring the wearer happiness [Greco-Roman Period]

Usage notes

These amulets are attested long before the word for them appears in the textual record; older instances of the word have apparently not survived.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwt-jb  


ꜣw-jb ꜣw-jb ꜣw-jb
[Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]

Noun




 ?

  1. realgar (red arsenic sulfide) [since the New Kingdom]

Usage notes

Before the Late Period this term is found almost exclusively in medical texts (Papyrus Chester Beatty V and Papyrus Ebers).

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣwt-jb  

ꜣwt-jb ꜣw-jb ꜣw-jby ꜣw-jb
[Late Egyptian] [Late Period] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 455.
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 4.17–5.1
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 1
  • Lesko, Leonard; Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, volume 1, second edition, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, page 3
  • Wilson, Penelope (1991) A Lexicographical Study of the Ptolemaic Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Liverpool: University of Liverpool, page 3–4
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