龜茲

See also: 龟兹

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (龜茲)		龜	茲
simp. (龟兹)		龟	兹

Etymology

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Qiūcí

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡㄘˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kau¹ ci⁴, gau¹ ci⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Qiūcí
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡㄘˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chioutsy
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kau¹ ci⁴, gau¹ ci⁴
  - Yale: kāu chìh, gāu chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau¹ tsi⁴, gau¹ tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo¹ qi⁴, geo¹ qi⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/, /kɐu̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/

Note: gau1 ci4 - usually avoided for euphemism.

Middle Chinese: /kɨu d͡zɨ/▼

Rime
Character	龜	茲
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居求切	疾之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨu/	/d͡zɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiu/	/d͡zɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəu/	/d͡zie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuw/	/d͡zɨ/
Li Rong	/kiu/	/d͡ziə/
Wang Li	/kĭəu/	/d͡zĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯u/	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiū	cí

Proper noun

龜茲

Kucha or Kuchar (modern: Aksu, Xinjiang, an ancient Central Asian city-state, which flourished in the first millennium AD)

Synonyms

庫車／库车 (Kùchē)

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