靠山

Chinese

		depend upon; lean on; near depend upon; lean on; near; by; against; to support	mountain; hill
simp. and trad. (靠山)		靠	山

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kàoshān

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˋ ㄕㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kaau³ saan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kho-sân
Min Nan (POJ): khò-soaⁿ / khò͘-soaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kàoshān → kàoshan (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˋ ㄕㄢ → ㄎㄠˋ ˙ㄕㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaw.shan
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän⁵⁵/ → /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹ ʂän¹/

Note: Toneless - only the figurative sense.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kaau³ saan¹
  - Yale: kaau sāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kaau³ saan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kao³ san¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰäːu̯³³ säːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kho-sân
  - Hakka Romanization System: ko san´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ko⁴ san¹
  - IPA: /kʰo⁵⁵ san²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò-soaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khò-suann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoirsvoaf
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ suã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰo²¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ suã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘-soaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khòo-suann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qorsvoaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ suã³³/

Noun

靠山

near the mountain
(figuratively) backer; support; patron; backing (lit. “mountain to rely on”)

Derived terms

靠山吃山

靠山吃山，靠水吃水

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