融融

Chinese

		harmonious; melt; mild	harmonious; melt; mild
simp. and trad. (融融)		融	融

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): róngróng

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴ jung⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng-yùng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: róngróng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rongrong
  - IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    熔融
    茸茸
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: jung⁴ jung⁴
  - Yale: yùhng yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴ jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴ yung⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹ jʊŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    熔融
    融融
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung² yung²
  - IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹ i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng-yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ (r)iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung² yung²
  - IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /jɨuŋ jɨuŋ/▼

Rime
Character	融
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以戎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/iuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juwŋ/
Li Rong	/iuŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*luŋ luŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*luŋ luŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	融
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róng
Middle Chinese	‹ yuwng ›
Old Chinese	/luŋ/ (? < lum)
English	hot air, steam, heat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	融
Reading #	1/1
No.	1509
Phonetic component	蟲
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	融
Old Chinese	/*luŋ/

Adjective

融融

(ideophonic) harmonious and happy; quiet and comfortable
(ideophonic) pleasantly warm; bright and beautiful
(ideophonic) bright; glaring; blazing

Derived terms

其樂融融／其乐融融
和氣融融／和气融融
春光融融

暖融融
樂融融／乐融融
熙熙融融

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