琉璃

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (琉璃)		琉	璃
variant forms		瑠璃

Etymology

From an unidentified language in the Western Regions, perhaps a Prakrit language (e.g. Gandhari). Compare Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”), Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye, beryl”).[1]

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liúlí

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ lei⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liû-lî

(Teochew, Peng'im): liu⁵ li⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: liúlí → liúli (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˊ → ㄌㄧㄡˊ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou.li
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li³⁵/ → /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ li³/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    流離／流离
    琉璃
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: lau⁴ lei⁴
  - Yale: làuh lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ léi⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ lei̯²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    流離／流离
    琉璃
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-lî
  - Tâi-lô: liû-lî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liulii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² li¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ li²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ li²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liu⁵ li⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liû lî
  - IPA ^(key): /liu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ li⁵⁵/

Noun

琉璃

(literary, originally) a kind of blue and translucent natural precious stone, probably lapis lazuli
coloured glaze similar to this kind of stone
(literary) Synonym of 玻璃 (bōli, “glass”).
(literary) lamp made from glass
(literary, figuratively) any translucent object

Derived terms

大琉璃草 (dàliúlícǎo)
琉璃世界
琉璃燈／琉璃灯 (liúlídēng)
琉璃瓦 (liúliwǎ)

琉璃磚／琉璃砖 (liúlízhuān)
琉璃草 (liúlícǎo)
琉璃頭／琉璃头
老琉璃 (lǎoliúli)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (琉璃):

→ Japanese: 琉 (る)璃 (り) (ruri)
→ Korean: 유리 (琉璃, yuri)
→ Vietnamese: lưu li (琉璃)

References

1917, Field Museum of Natural History: 1909, “The Beginnings of Porcelain in China”, Berthold Laufer and Henry Windsor Nichols, The Museum, page 138:
The glassy paste for the production of ceramic glazes was called liu-li 琉璃 (in the Han Annals 流離) or p'i-liu-li, derived from Prākrit veluriya, Mahārāshṭrī verulia (Sanskrit vaiḍūrya).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
琉	璃
る Jinmeiyō	り Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

琉璃 (hiragana るり, rōmaji ruri)

Alternative form of 瑠璃: lapis lazuli

Korean

Hanja in this term
琉	璃

Noun

琉璃 • (yuri) (hangeul 유리)

Hanja form^? of 유리 (“glass”).

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