狼狽

See also: 狼狈

Chinese

		wolf	a legendary wolf; distressed; wretched
trad. (狼狽)		狼	狽
simp. (狼狈)		狼	狈

Etymology

The 狽／狈 (bèi) was a wolf-like animal in Chinese mythology. It had very short forelegs and long hind legs, and needed to mount a wolf in order to walk, so the two animals would always hunt together. This eventually led to the meaning of "to conspire".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lángbèi

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ ㄅㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴ bui³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lòng-pi
Min Nan (POJ): liông-pōe / lông-pōe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lángbèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ ㄅㄟˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: langbey
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lángbèi
  - IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵ peɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: long⁴ bui³
  - Yale: lòhng bui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴ bui³
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁴ bui³
  - IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹ puːy̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lòng-pi
  - Hakka Romanization System: longˇ bi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: long² bi⁴
  - IPA: /loŋ¹¹ pi⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-pōe
  - Tâi-lô: liông-puē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liongpoe
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pue²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ pue³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔŋ¹³⁻²² pue²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pue³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông-pōe
  - Tâi-lô: lông-puē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: longpoe
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³⁻³³ pue³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ pue³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ²⁴⁻²² pue²²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³⁻²² pue²²/

Adjective

狼狽

in an awkward or difficult position
fatigued; exhausted; tired
dirty
(literary) messy
(Min Nan) down and out
嘸通大漢像恁老爸仔彼呢啊狼狽喔。 [Min Nan, trad.]
呒通大汉像恁老爸仔彼呢啊狼狈喔。 [Min Nan, simp.]
From: 蕭煌奇 (Hsiao Huang-Chi), 阿嬤的話
M̄-thang tōa-hàn chhiūⁿ lín lāu-pē-á hiah-nī-á liông-pōe o͘h. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Don't grow up to be like your daddy, so down and out.

Synonyms

(in an awkward position): 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà), 難堪／难堪 (nánkān), 為難／为难 (wéinán)

Adverb

狼狽

(literary) hurriedly

Noun

狼狽

(archaic) two types of wolves
(archaic) evil person

Verb

狼狽

to collude; to conspire; to gang up
(literary) to cooperate; to coordinate
(literary) to strive; to do one's best

Japanese

Kanji in this term
狼	狽
ろう Jinmeiyō	ばい Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ːba̠i]

Noun

狼狽 (hiragana ろうばい, rōmaji rōbai)

flustering; confusion

Verb

狼狽する (suru conjugation, hiragana ろうばいする, rōmaji rōbai suru)

to be flustered; to be confused

Conjugation

Conjugation of "狼狽する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	狼狽し	ろうばいし	rōbai shi
Continuative (連用形)	狼狽し	ろうばいし	rōbai shi
Terminal (終止形)	狼狽する	ろうばいする	rōbai suru
Attributive (連体形)	狼狽する	ろうばいする	rōbai suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	狼狽すれ	ろうばいすれ	rōbai sure
Imperative (命令形)	狼狽せよ¹ 狼狽しろ²	ろうばいせよ¹ ろうばいしろ²	rōbai seyo¹ rōbai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	狼狽される	ろうばいされる	rōbai sareru
Causative	狼狽させる狼狽さす	ろうばいさせるろうばいさす	rōbai saseru rōbai sasu
Potential	狼狽できる	ろうばいできる	rōbai dekiru
Volitional	狼狽しよう	ろうばいしよう	rōbai shiyō
Negative	狼狽しない	ろうばいしない	rōbai shinai
Negative continuative	狼狽せず	ろうばいせず	rōbai sezu
Formal	狼狽します	ろうばいします	rōbai shimasu
Perfective	狼狽した	ろうばいした	rōbai shita
Conjunctive	狼狽して	ろうばいして	rōbai shite
Hypothetical conditional	狼狽すれば	ろうばいすれば	rōbai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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