泳ぐ

Japanese
Kanji in this term
泳
およ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Etymology

Likely from Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *əyənku. Included in The Tale of Genji from the late 900s or early 1000s. Listed in sources with a note that this may have been pronounced originally as oyoku,[1][2][3] however, cognates among the Ryūkyūan languages would seem to support a voiced /ɡ/ as the final consonant. Compare Kunigami 泳じゅん (uijun), Okinawan 泳じゅん (qwiijun).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms
  • 游ぐ

Verb

泳ぐ (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana およぐ, rōmaji oyogu)

  1. to swim
    昨 (き)日 (のう)、私 (わたし)はジムで５ (ご)キロ泳 (およ)ぎました。
    Kinō, watashi wa jimu de go kiro oyogimashita.
    Yesterday I swam 5 kilometers at the gym.
    ここで泳 (およ)げる。
    Koko de oyogeru.
    We can swim here.
    泳 (およ)ぐことができない。
    Oyogu koto ga dekinai.
    I cannot swim.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "泳ぐ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 泳が およが oyoga
Continuative (連用形) 泳ぎ およぎ oyogi
Terminal (終止形) 泳ぐ およぐ oyogu
Attributive (連体形) 泳ぐ およぐ oyogu
Hypothetical (仮定形) 泳げ およげ oyoge
Imperative (命令形) 泳げ およげ oyoge
Key constructions
Passive 泳がれる およがれる oyogareru
Causative 泳がせる
泳がす		 およがせる
およがす		 oyogaseru
oyogasu
Potential 泳げる およげる oyogeru
Volitional 泳ごう およごう oyogō
Negative 泳がない およがない oyoganai
Negative continuative 泳がず およがず oyogazu
Formal 泳ぎます およぎます oyogimasu
Perfective 泳いだ およいだ oyoida
Conjunctive 泳いで およいで oyoide
Hypothetical conditional 泳げば およげば oyogeba

Derived terms
Derived terms

Idioms
Idioms
  • 時 (じ)流 (りゅう)に乗 (の)って泳 (およ)ぐ (jiryū ni notte oyogu): “to swim, riding on the current of the times” → to go with the flow
  • 人波 (ひとなみ)を泳 (およ)ぐ (hitonami o oyogu): “to swim the surging crowd” → to wade through a crowd

Synonyms

See also

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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