業火

See also: 业火

Chinese
business; occupation; study
 
fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving
trad. (業火) 業 火
simp. (业火) 业 火

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 業 火
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 業 (147) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 魚怯切 呼果切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨɐp̚/ /huɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiɐp̚/ /huɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiɐp̚/ /xuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɨap̚/ /hwaX/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiap̚/ /xuɑX/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭɐp̚/ /xuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ɐp̚/ /xuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yè huǒ

Noun

業火

  1. (Buddhism) hellfire

Japanese
Kanji in this term
業 火
ごう
Grade: 3		 か
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 業火 (MC ŋɨɐp̚ huɑX, literally “karmic fire”). Compare modern Mandarin 業火.

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.

Pronunciation

Noun

業火 (hiragana ごうか, rōmaji gōka, historical hiragana がふくわ)

  1. (Buddhism) hellfire

Antonyms

See also

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
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