憚

See also: 惮

憚	U+619A, 憚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-619A

← 憙
[U+6199]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憛 →
[U+619B]

Translingual

Han character

憚 (radical 61, 心+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心口口十 (PRRJ), four-corner 9605₆, composition ⿰忄單)

References

KangXi: page 403, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11222

Dae Jaweon: page 743, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2354, character 8

Unihan data for U+619A

Chinese

trad.		憚
simp.		惮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 憚
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
嚲	*taːlʔ
癉	taːlʔ, taːls, taːn, daːn
奲	taːlʔ, tʰjaːlʔ
驒	daːl, daːn, *teːn
鼉	*daːl
磾	*teːl
鷤	deːl, deːls, *daːn
觶	tjal, tjals
單	taːn, djan, djanʔ, djans
鄲	*taːn
殫	*taːn
簞	*taːn
匰	*taːn
襌	*taːn
啴
彈	daːn, daːns
貚	daːn, deːn
撣	daːn, daːnʔ, daːns, djan, *taːnʔ
潬	*daːnʔ
僤	daːnʔ, daːns, *djan
憚	*daːns
樿	*tjanʔ
燀	tjanʔ, tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰	*tjans
闡	*tʰjanʔ
繟	*tʰjanʔ
幝	*tʰjanʔ
嘽	tʰaːn, tʰjanʔ
灛	*tʰjanʔ
蟬	*djan
禪	djan, djans
嬋	*djan
墠	*djanʔ
鱓	*djanʔ
蕇	*teːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daːns) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daan⁶
Min Nan (POJ): tōaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: dàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: tan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
  - IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: daan⁶
  - Yale: daahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dan⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /täːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tuānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvoa
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tuã²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tuã³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã³³/

Middle Chinese: /dɑn^H/▼

Rime
Character	憚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒案切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dan^H/
Li Rong	/dɑn^H/
Wang Li	/dɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàn

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*daːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憚
Reading #	1/1
No.	2012
Phonetic component	單
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	憚
Old Chinese	/*daːns/

Definitions

憚

(literary) to fear

Compounds

不憚／不惮
不憚其煩／不惮其烦
不憚強禦／不惮强御
不憚煩／不惮烦
全無忌憚／全无忌惮
動憚／动惮

忌憚／忌惮 (jìdàn)
憚勞／惮劳
憚服／惮服
憚煩／惮烦 (dànfán)
憚赫／惮赫
毫無忌憚／毫无忌惮

無所忌憚／无所忌惮
無所顧憚／无所顾惮
益無忌憚／益无忌惮
肆無忌憚／肆无忌惮 (sìwújìdàn)
過勿憚改／过勿惮改

Japanese

Kanji

憚

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惮)

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Readings

Go-on: だん (dan)
Kan-on: たん (tan)
On: た (ta)
Kun: はばかる (habakaru, 憚る); はばかり (habakari, 憚り)

Korean

Hanja

憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄)

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Vietnamese

Han character

憚 (dạn, đạn, đặn)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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