悩む

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悩
なや Grade: S
kun’yomi

Verb

悩む (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana なやむ, rōmaji nayamu)

worry, be bothered, be emotionally distressed, dwell on
suffer physically, suffer physical distress
be troubled with, be burdened with, suffer from

Conjugation

Conjugation of "悩む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	悩ま	なやま	nayama
Continuative (連用形)	悩み	なやみ	nayami
Terminal (終止形)	悩む	なやむ	nayamu
Attributive (連体形)	悩む	なやむ	nayamu
Hypothetical (仮定形)	悩め	なやめ	nayame
Imperative (命令形)	悩め	なやめ	nayame
Key constructions
Passive	悩まれる	なやまれる	nayamareru
Causative	悩ませる悩ます	なやませるなやます	nayamaseru nayamasu
Potential	悩める	なやめる	nayameru
Volitional	悩もう	なやもう	nayamō
Negative	悩まない	なやまない	nayamanai
Negative continuative	悩まず	なやまず	nayamazu
Formal	悩みます	なやみます	nayamimasu
Perfective	悩んだ	なやんだ	nayanda
Conjunctive	悩んで	なやんで	nayande
Hypothetical conditional	悩めば	なやめば	nayameba

Synonyms

(suffer mentally): 苦 (くる)しむ (kurushimu)
(suffer physically): 苦 (くる)しむ (kurushimu), 悶 (もだ)える (modaeru)
(be troubled): 困 (こま)る (komaru)

See also

悩 (なや)み (nayami)
悩 (なや)ます (nayamasu)
悩 (なや)ましい (nayamashī)

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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