克己

Chinese

		gram; subdue; to restrain gram; subdue; to restrain; to overcome	6th heavenly stem; self
simp. and trad. (克己)		克	己

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kèjǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hak¹ gei²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiet-kí / khiat-kí
Min Nan (POJ): khiak-kí / khek-kí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kèjǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kehjii
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kèjǐ
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hak¹ gei²
  - Yale: hāk géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hak⁷ gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: heg¹ géi²
  - IPA ^(key): /hɐk̚⁵ kei̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: kied` gi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ gi³
  - IPA: /kʰi̯et̚² ki³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiad` gi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ gi³
  - IPA: /kʰi̯at̚² ki³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak-kí
  - Tâi-lô: khiak-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiakkie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek-kí
  - Tâi-lô: khik-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qekkie
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ki⁵³/

Verb

克己

to control one's desires; to practice self-restraint

Adjective

克己

frugal; economical; thrifty

Noun

克己

self-control; self-restraint

Synonyms

自制 (zìzhì)
自制力 (zìzhìlì)
自我克制 (zìwǒ kèzhì)

自我控制 (zìwǒ kòngzhì)
自控力 (zìkònglì)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
克	己
こく > こっ Grade: S	き Grade: 6
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) こっき [kóꜜkkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA^(key): [ko̞k̚ʲkʲi]

Noun

克己 (hiragana こっき, rōmaji kokki, historical hiragana こくき)

control of one's desires; self-restraint

Verb

克己する (suru conjugation, hiragana こっきする, rōmaji kokki suru, historical hiragana こくきする)

to control one's desires; to practice self-restraint

Conjugation

Conjugation of "克己する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	克己し	こっきし	kokki shi
Continuative (連用形)	克己し	こっきし	kokki shi
Terminal (終止形)	克己する	こっきする	kokki suru
Attributive (連体形)	克己する	こっきする	kokki suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	克己すれ	こっきすれ	kokki sure
Imperative (命令形)	克己せよ¹ 克己しろ²	こっきせよ¹ こっきしろ²	kokki seyo¹ kokki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	克己される	こっきされる	kokki sareru
Causative	克己させる克己さす	こっきさせるこっきさす	kokki saseru kokki sasu
Potential	克己できる	こっきできる	kokki dekiru
Volitional	克己しよう	こっきしよう	kokki shiyō
Negative	克己しない	こっきしない	kokki shinai
Negative continuative	克己せず	こっきせず	kokki sezu
Formal	克己します	こっきします	kokki shimasu
Perfective	克己した	こっきした	kokki shita
Conjunctive	克己して	こっきして	kokki shite
Hypothetical conditional	克己すれば	こっきすれば	kokki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
克	己
かつ Grade: S	み Grade: 6

Proper noun

克己 (hiragana かつみ, rōmaji Katsumi)

A male given name

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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