ὀρφανός

See also: ορφανός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), from *h₃erbʰ- (“to change ownership”). Cognate with Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “small”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /or.pʰa.nós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /or.pʰaˈnos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /or.ɸaˈnos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /or.faˈnos/

Adjective

ὀρφᾰνός • (orphanós) m (feminine ὀρφᾰνή, neuter ὀρφᾰνόν); first/second declension

left orphan, without parents
childless
destitute, bereft
- Κατά Ἰωάννην 14:18
  Οὐκ ἀφήσω ὑμᾶς ὀρφανούς· ἔρχομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς.
  "I will not leave you destitute; I will come for you."

Inflection

In some writings, the adjective is declined -ός, -όν.

First and second declension of ὀρφᾰνός; ὀρφᾰνή; ὀρφᾰνόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὀρφᾰνός orphanós	ὀρφᾰνή orphanḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνοί orphanoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphanaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Genitive	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphanoû	ὀρφᾰνῆς orphanês	ὀρφᾰνοῦ orphanoû	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphanaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn	ὀρφᾰνῶν orphanôn
Dative	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphanôi	ὀρφᾰνῇ orphanêi	ὀρφᾰνῷ orphanôi	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰναῖν orphanaîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖν orphanoîn	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphanoîs	ὀρφᾰναῖς orphanaîs	ὀρφᾰνοῖς orphanoîs
Accusative	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνήν orphanḗn	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνούς orphanoús	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ς orphanā́s	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Vocative	ὀρφᾰνέ orphané	ὀρφᾰνή orphanḗ	ὀρφᾰνόν orphanón	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνᾱ́ orphanā́	ὀρφᾰνώ orphanṓ	ὀρφᾰνοί orphanoí	ὀρφᾰναί orphanaí	ὀρφᾰνᾰ́ orphaná
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὀρφᾰνῶς orphanôs			ὀρφᾰνώτερος orphanṓteros			ὀρφᾰνώτᾰτος orphanṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ὀρφανία (orphanía)
ὀρφανίζω (orphanízō)
ὀρφανιστής (orphanistḗs)

Descendants

→ Coptic: ⲟⲣⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ (orphanos)
→ English: orphan
Greek: ορφανός (orfanós)
→ Latin: orphanus
- Albanian: varfër, vorfën
- Aromanian: oarfãn
- Catalan: orfe
- English: orphan
- French: orphelin
- Friulian: vuarfin
- Galician: orfo
- Italian: orfano
- Occitan: òrfe, orfanèl
- Old French: orfene
- Portuguese: órfão
- Romanian: orfan, oarfăn
- Sardinian: òlfanu, òrfanu
- Spanish: huérfano