ἑσμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

PIE word
*(H)yeh₁-

Per beeks, derived from the root *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”), equivalent to ἵημι (híēmi) +‎ -σμος (-smos). Others derive from the root *sed- (“to sit”), equivalent to ἕζομαι (hézomai) +‎ -μος (-mos).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hez.mós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)ɛzˈmos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ezˈmos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ezˈmos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ezˈmos/

Noun

ἑσμός • (hesmós) m (genitive ἑσμούς); second declension

that which settles (especially a swarm of bees)
- 484 BCE – 425 BCE, Herodotus, 5 114
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 708b
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.2.28
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Dion 24
- 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 1107
1. any swarm or flock
  - 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 30
  - 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 223
  - 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 353
  - Pae., Delph. 14
  - Epigr., Gr. 985
2. flow, stream
  - 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 710
  - 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 684
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 450b
  - 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, 2 95
  - 234 CE – 305 CE, Porphyry, On Abstinence 1.34

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἑσμός; τοῦ ἑσμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἑσμός ho hesmós	τὼ ἑσμώ tṑ hesmṓ	οἱ ἑσμοί hoi hesmoí
Genitive	τοῦ ἑσμοῦ toû hesmoû	τοῖν ἑσμοῖν toîn hesmoîn	τῶν ἑσμῶν tôn hesmôn
Dative	τῷ ἑσμῷ tôi hesmôi	τοῖν ἑσμοῖν toîn hesmoîn	τοῖς ἑσμοῖς toîs hesmoîs
Accusative	τὸν ἑσμόν tòn hesmón	τὼ ἑσμώ tṑ hesmṓ	τοὺς ἑσμούς toùs hesmoús
Vocative	ἑσμέ hesmé	ἑσμώ hesmṓ	ἑσμοί hesmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἑσμοτόκος (hesmotókos)

Descendants

Greek: εσμός (esmós)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἑσμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
ἑσμός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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