ऊर्ध्व

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *r̥Hdʰwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *r̥Hdʰwás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰwós (“high, upright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós), Latin arduus, Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬡𐬀‎ (ərəδβa), Old Norse ǫrðugr (“steep”). Morphologically formed from the verbal root वर्धति (√vṛdh, “to grow, elevate”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /uːɽd̪ʱ.ʋɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈuːɽd̪ʱ.ʋɐ/

ऊर्ध्व • (ūrdhvá)

1. rising or tending upwards, raised, elevated, erected, erect, upright, high, above
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.36.13:

     ऊर्ध्व ऊ षु ण ऊतये तिष्ठा देवो न सविता।
     ऊर्ध्वो वाजस्य सनिता यदञ्जिभिर्वाघद्भिर्विह्वयामहे॥

     ūrdhva ū ṣu ṇa ūtaye tiṣṭhā devo na savitā.
     ūrdhvo vājasya sanitā yadañjibhirvāghadbhirvihvayāmahe.

     Stand up erect to lend us aid, stand up like Savitar the God:
     Erect as strength-bestower we call aloud, with unguents and with priests, on thee.

In Classical Sanskrit occurring chiefly in compounds.

ऊर्ध्व • (ūrdhvá) n

1. height, elevation
2. anything placed above or higher (+ ablative)

   ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṃ)-गच्छति (√gam) — to go upwards or into heaven, die

ऊर्ध्व • (ūrdhvá)

1. in the sequel, in the later part (e.g. of a book or manuscript; because in Sanskrit manuscripts the later leaves stand above), subsequent, after (with ablative)

   अत ऊर्ध्वम् (ata ūrdhvam), or इत ऊर्ध्वम् (ita ūrdhvam) — hence forward, from that time forward, after that passage, hereafter

   ऊर्ध्वं संवत्सरात् (ūrdhvaṃ saṃvatsarāt) — after a year

   ऊर्ध्वं देहात् (ūrdhvaṃ dehāt), — after life, after death

2. after, after the death of (+ ablative)

   ऊर्ध्वं पितुः (ūrdhvaṃ pituḥ) — after the father's death

3. in a high tone, aloud