arduus

Latin

Etymology

From a Proto-Italic *arðwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós (whence also Old Irish ard and Welsh ardd), from *h₃erdʰ- + *-wós (whence Latin -uus).

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈar.du.us/, [ˈar.dʊ.ʊs]

Adjective

arduus (feminine ardua, neuter arduum); first/second declension

  1. lofty, high, steep, tall, elevated
  2. hard to reach, difficult, laborious, arduous
    Nihil mortalibus arduum est.
    Nothing is hard for mortals. (Horace)

Inflection

First/second declension.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative arduus ardua arduum arduī arduae ardua
Genitive arduī arduae arduī arduōrum arduārum arduōrum
Dative arduō arduō arduīs
Accusative arduum arduam arduum arduōs arduās ardua
Ablative arduō arduā arduō arduīs
Vocative ardue ardua arduum arduī arduae ardua

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  • arduus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • arduus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • arduus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
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