لكن
Arabic
Etymology
From ل ك ن (l-k-n) meaning broken speech, originally used to resume a thought after an interruption.[1][2]
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /laː.kin.na/
Audio (file)
Inflection
Inflected forms
Base form | لَٰكِنَّ (lākinna) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | لَٰكِنَّنِي (lākinnanī) | لَٰكِنَّنَا (lākinnanā) | |||
Second person | لَٰكِنَّكَ (lākinnaka) | لَٰكِنَّكِ (lākinnaki) | لَٰكِنَّكُمَا (lākinnakumā) | لَٰكِنَّكُمْ (lākinnakum) | لَٰكِنَّكُنَّ (lākinnakunna) |
Third person | لَٰكِنَّهُ (lākinnahu) | لَٰكِنَّهَا (lākinnahā) | لَٰكِنَّهُمَا (lākinnahumā) | لَٰكِنَّهُمْ (lākinnahum) | لَٰكِنَّهُنَّ (lākinnahunna) |
Usage notes
- لَٰكِنَّ (lākinna) functions like إِنَّ (ʾinna) and أَنَّ (ʾanna), shifting the subject of the subordinate clause to the accusative case. The subject of the subordinate clause must immediately follow لَٰكِنَّ (lākinna); if it is a pronoun, it must be expressed. Contrast this syntactic function and the following examples with لَٰكِنْ (lākin) below.
- لَٰكِنَّ الرَّئِيسَ كَانَ أَذْكَى مِمَّا تَوَقَّعَ النَّاس
- lākinna r-raʾīsa kāna ʾaḏkā mimmā tawaqqaʿa n-nās
- but the president was smarter than people expected
- لَٰكِنَّهُ كَانَ أَذْكَى مِمَّا تَوَقَّعَ النَّاس
- lākinnahu kāna ʾaḏkā mimmā tawaqqaʿa n-nās
- but he was smarter than people expected
See also
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /laː.kin/
Conjunction
لَٰكِنْ • (lākin)
Usage notes
- لَٰكِنْ (lākin) acts as a simple conjunction, with the subject of the subordinate clause in the nominative; the subject may follow immediately or be delayed. If it is a pronoun, it may be omitted. Contrast this syntactic function and the following examples with لَٰكِنَّ (lākinna) above.
- لَٰكِنِ الرَّئِيسُ كَانَ أَذْكَى مِمَّا تَوَقَّعَ النَّاس
- lākini r-raʾīsu kāna ʾaḏkā mimmā tawaqqaʿa n-nās
- but the president was smarter than people expected
- لَٰكِنْ (هُوَ) كَانَ أَذْكَى مِمَّا تَوَقَّعَ النَّاس
- lākin (huwa) kāna ʾaḏkā mimmā tawaqqaʿa n-nās
- but he was smarter than people expected
- لَٰكِنْ (lākin) is generally preceded in writing by وَـ (wa-, “and”): see وَلَٰكِنْ (wa-lākin)
Descendants
References
- “لكن” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 3013, meaning to stutter or stammer, to speak incorrectly.
- https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86/
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