إن

See also: ان‎, آن‎, أن‎, اَنْ‎, -ان‎, and ان-‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šim.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔin/

Conjunction

إِن • (ʾin)

  1. (conditional) if (possible, not contrary to fact)
    ‏إِنْ تَدْرُسْ تَنْجَحْ‎ ― ʾin tadrus tanjaḥ ― if you study you (will) succeed
    ‏إِن أَحْبَبْتَنِي‎ ― ʾin ʾaḥbabta-nī ― if you love me
    ‏إِن تُحْبِبْنِي‎ ― ʾin tuḥbib-nī ― if you love me
    ‏إِن شَاءَ ٱللّٰه‎ ― ʾin šāʾa llāh ― if God/Allah wills

Usage notes

Normally for conditions that are capable of being fulfilled. For contrary-to-fact conditions, use لَوْ‎ (law). Used with the past tense or the jussive, in both cases with a present-tense meaning.

Etymology 2

Cognate to Hebrew הִנֵּה‎ (“lo, behold”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔin.na/

Particle

إِنَّ • (ʾinna)

  1. indeed, an emphasizing sentence particle, usually untranslated
    ‏إِنِّي فَقِير وَلَا أَجِدُ‏ طَعَامًا أُطْعِمُ أَوْلَادِي وَعَائِلَتِي، فَسَاعِدْنِي.‎‎
    ʾinnī faqīr walā ʾajidu ṭaʿāman ʾuṭʿimu ʾawlādī waʿāʾilatī, fasāʿidnī.
    I am poor and can't find food to feed my children and my family, so please help me.
  2. that (following the verb قَالَ‎ (qāla, “to say”) and the corresponding verbal noun قَوْل‎ (qawl))
Usage notes
  • The subject of a clause containing إِنَّ‎ (ʾinna) takes the accusative case, personal pronouns take enclitic forms.
  • When إِنَّ‎ (ʾinna) is followed by the first person singular enclitic ـِي‎ (-ī, “my, me”), it produces forms إِنِّي‎ (ʾinnī) or إِنَّنِي‎ (ʾinnanī). When it is followed by by the first person plural enclitic نَا‎ (nā, “our, us”), it produces forms إِنَّا‎ (ʾinnā) or إِنَّنَا‎ (ʾinnanā).
Inflection
    Inflected forms
Base form إِنَّ (ʾinna)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms		 Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person إِنِّي‎ (ʾinnī) إِنَّنَا‎ (ʾinnanā)
Second person إِنَّكَ‎ (ʾinnaka) إِنَّكِ‎ (ʾinnaki) إِنَّكُمَا‎ (ʾinnakumā) إِنَّكُمْ‎ (ʾinnakum) إِنَّكُنَّ‎ (ʾinnakunna)
Third person إِنَّهُ‎ (ʾinnahu) إِنَّهَا‎ (ʾinnahā) إِنَّهُمَا‎ (ʾinnahumā) إِنَّهُمْ‎ (ʾinnahum) إِنَّهُنَّ‎ (ʾinnahunna)
See also

Etymology 3

Cognate to Hebrew אין‎ (ein).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔin/

Particle

إِنْ • (ʾin)

  1. not
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 67:20:
      ‏إِنِ الْكَافِرُونَ إلاَّ فِي غُرُورٍ‎
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:62:
      ‏إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا إِحْسَانًا وَتَوْفِيقًا‎
      ʾin ʾaradnā ʾillā ʾiḥsānan watawfīqan
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Synonyms

References
  1. Lipiński, Edward (2001) Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar, page 482: One of the oldest and most important presentatives is *han, attested in Palaeosyrian and in Old Akkadian en-ma, later umma by assimilation. It is found in Ugaritic (hn), in Old Canaanite (a-nu, a-nu-ú, an-nu, an-nu-ú), in Hebrew (hinnē), in Arabic (ʾinna), In Ge'ez (ʾən-ka); e.g. Arabic ʾinna llāha ʾalā kulli šayʾin qadīrun, "behold, God has power over everything". It should be identified with the West Semitic article han-, but carefully distinguished from the conditional particle hn → ʾn.
  2. Hetzron, Robert (1997) The Semitic Languages, page 201: The [Arabic] particle ʾinna, etymologically cognate to Hebrew hen, hinne: "behold", emphasizes that the speaker's utterance is true.
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