ع ف ر

Variant of غ ب ر‎ (ḡ-b-r), while ع ف ر • (ʿ-f-r)

is less common but common in Hebrew and Aramaic ע־פ־ר‎. Ge'ez has only አፈር (ʾäfär, “dust”) which is considered a loanword from either Amharic or Hebrew – it is present in Amharic, Harari, Sebat Bet Gurage, Argobba. Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩰𐩧‎ means something entirely different. From Proto-Semitic *ʿapar- (“soil, dust”).

ع ف ر • (ʿ-f-r)

1. related to ash

• Form I: عَفَرَ‎ (ʿafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”)
  • Verbal noun: عَفْر‎ (ʿafr)
  • Active participle: عَافِر‎ (ʿāfir)
  • Passive participle: مَعْفُور‎ (maʿfūr)
• Form II: عَفَّرَ‎ (ʿaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ‎ (ʿafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعْفِير‎ (taʿfīr)
  • Active participle: مُعَفِّر‎ (muʿaffir)
  • Passive participle: مُعَفَّر‎ (muʿaffar)
• Form III: عَافَرَ‎ (ʿāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”)
  • Verbal noun: مُعَافَرَة‎ (muʿāfara), عِفَار‎ (ʿifār)
  • Active participle: مُعَافِر‎ (muʿāfir)
  • Passive participle: مُعَافَر‎ (muʿāfar)
• Form V: تَعَفَّرَ‎ (taʿaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعَفُّر‎ (taʿaffur)
  • Active participle: مُتَعَفِّر‎ (mutaʿaffir)
• Form VI: تَعَافَرَ‎ (taʿāfara, “to be made ash-gray”)
  • Verbal noun: تَعَافُر‎ (taʿāfur)
  • Active participle: مُتَعَافِر‎ (mutaʿāfir)
• Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ‎ (inʿafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”)
  • Verbal noun: اِنْعِفَار‎ (inʿifār)
  • Active participle: مُنْعَفِر‎ (munʿafir)
• Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ‎ (iʿtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
  • Verbal noun: اِعْتِفَار‎ (iʿtifār)
  • Active participle: مُعْتَفِر‎ (muʿtafir)

• عِفْر‎ (ʿifr, “farrow”)
• عَفَر‎ (ʿafar, “dust”)
• عُفْرَة‎ (ʿufra, “dust colour”)
• عُفَار‎ (ʿufār, “dust”)
• عَفَار‎ (ʿafār, “certain ignitable plants”)
• عَفَّارَة‎ (ʿaffāra, “pulverizer, atomizer, sprayer”)
• يَعْفُور‎ (yaʿfūr, “gazelle of ash-gray colour”)
• عَفِير‎ (ʿafīr, “dry, dusty”)
• عِفْرِيَة‎ (ʿifriya, “long hair or feathers dangling behind a beast, mane”)
• عَفَّار‎ (ʿaffār, “who pollinates”)

• Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 808
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 10
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “ع ف ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
• Freytag, Georg (1835), “ع ف ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 183–184
• Lane, Edward William (1863), “ع ف ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2089–2091
• Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “ع ف ر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 854