خاتم

• خَاتَام‎ (ḵātām), خَيْتَام‎ (ḵaytām), خَاتِيَام‎ (ḵātiyām)

Of uncertain chain of etymology; once thought be a borrowing from Aramaic, but deemed unlikely as had the word been borrowed from Hebrew חוֹתָם‎ (ḥôtām) or Aramaic חוֹתָמָא‎ / ܚܵܘܬܵܡܵܐ‎ (ḥātāmā, “seal”), it would probably have started with a /ḥ/; the initial /ḫ/ in Arabic word suggests that it is derived from the same source as the latter. Ultimately suspected to be from or related to Egyptian ḫtm (“seal”), however not being attested in Akkadian or Ugaritic. The root خ ت م‎ (ḵ-t-m) “related to finishing, sealing” would then be derived from this borrowing; the like in every Semitic language.

Alternatively, there is a hypothetical reconstruction as Proto-Afro-Asiatic *qatam- (“ring, signet”), being the source of both the Proto-Semitic *ḫatm- and Egyptian ḫtm, as well as Miya katam (“ring”) potentially a separate West Chadic development. Compare also طَابَع‎ (ṭābaʿ, “seal, stamp”), representing an Akkadian equivalent and for more on the foreign pattern فَاعَل‎ (fāʿal) see عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

• IPA^(key): /xaː.tam/

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خَاتَم • (ḵātam) m (plural خَوَاتِم‎ (ḵawātim))

1. signet, seal ring
2. ring

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 252
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 17
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 120–121
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 267–268
• Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik‎ (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 112

Borrowed from Arabic خَاتَم‎ (ḵātam).

خاتم • (xātam)

1. a drawing
2. ornamented decoration, patterned or inlaid motifs
3. A male given name, equivalent to English Khatam
4. (archaic) a seal, a signet
5. (archaic) a ring
6. (archaic) a command, an edict

• (ornamented decoration): نقش‎ (naqš)
• (seal): مهر‎ (mohr)
• (ring): انگشتر‎ (angoštar)
• (edict): فرمان‎ (farmân)

• خاتم کردن‎ (xātam kardan, “to inlay”)
• حرف خاتم‎ (harf-e-xātam, “ornated caligraphy”)

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “خاتم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press