когда
Russian
Alternative forms
- коды́ (kodý) (regional, colloquial)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *koda, from which the following words also were derived: Old Church Slavonic къгда (kŭgda), Bulgarian кога (koga), Polish kiedy, Serbo-Croatian када, Czech kdy, Polish gdy, Lower Sorbian gdy. Originally the word was probably *koda; compare Lithuanian kada (“when”), Latvian kad, Old Indic and Hindi कदा (kəda), Avestan kadā. From *koda came *kъdа, possibly under the influence of *kъdе, kъtо. On the other hand, one may perceive in когда́ (kogdá) the old instrumental singular *godō of the word год (god) (the old meaning of which was “time, period”) with the interrogative particle ко-, making a genitive singular form *kogo goda (which time?). Thus the -гда ending may have derived from the genitive of год (god, “period of time”).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
когда́ • (kogdá)
Usage notes
- Both the subordinate clause with the conjunction когда and the main clause can have either an imperfective or a perfective verb. However, the whole context of the respective sentences could be different due to the difference of the aspects.
- Chiefly in colloquial language, the conjunction когда can be moved to any position in the dependent clause including the final one; this typically occurs in short introductory clauses that recall or specify being in the middle of things of a situation.
Related terms
Derived terms
- когда́-либо (kogdá-libo)
- когда́-нибудь (kogdá-nibudʹ)
- когда́-то (kogdá-to)
- не́когда (nékogda)
- никогда́ (nikogdá)