λύω

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to cut off, separate, free”). Cognates include Latin luō (“expiate, pay”), Sanskrit लून (lūna), English loose and possibly Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem) and Albanian lirë.

  • Stem λῠ-, and later Attic: λῡ-. The upsilon becomes short (ῠ) before temporal endings beginning with <κ, θ, μ> and at all paragoga (derivatives). But compounds' prosody, as for λῡ́ω.
  • Derivatives, from stems λῠσ-, λῠσῐ- (compounds with λῡσῐ-), λῠτ-.
  • Unrelated to κωλῡ́ω (kōlū́ō, “prevent”), ὄλλῡμῐ (óllūmi, “destroy, lose”) or λύσσᾰ (lússa, “rage”).

Pronunciation
 

Verb

λῡ́ω • (lū́ō)

  1. I loose, loosen, untie
  2. slacken
  3. unbend
  4. set free, release
  5. redeem
  6. dissolve, sever
  7. break (up), destroy
  8. abrogate, annul
  9. atone, amend
  10. profit, I am useful
  11. first-person singular present active indicative and subjunctive of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)

Inflection
   Present: λῡ́ω, λῡ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative λῡ́ω λῡ́εις λῡ́ει λῡ́ετον λῡ́ετον λῡ́ομεν λῡ́ετε λῡ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive λῡ́ω λῡ́ῃς λῡ́ῃ λῡ́ητον λῡ́ητον λῡ́ωμεν λῡ́ητε λῡ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative λῡ́οιμῐ λῡ́οις λῡ́οι λῡ́οιτον λῡοίτην λῡ́οιμεν λῡ́οιτε λῡ́οιεν
imperative   λῦε λῡέτω λῡ́ετον λῡέτων   λῡ́ετε λῡόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative λῡ́ομαι λῡ́ῃ,
λῡ́ει		 λῡ́εται λῡ́εσθον λῡ́εσθον λῡόμεθᾰ λῡ́εσθε λῡ́ονται
subjunctive λῡ́ωμαι λῡ́ῃ λῡ́ηται λῡ́ησθον λῡ́ησθον λῡώμεθᾰ λῡ́ησθε λῡ́ωνται
optative λῡοίμην λῡ́οιο λῡ́οιτο λῡ́οισθον λῡοίσθην λῡοίμεθᾰ λῡ́οισθε λῡ́οιντο
imperative   λῡ́ου λῡέσθω λῡ́εσθον λῡέσθων   λῡ́εσθε λῡέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive λῡ́ειν λῡ́εσθαι
participle m λῡ́ων λῡόμενος
f λῡ́ουσᾰ λῡομένη
n λῦον λῡόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔλῡον, ἐλῡόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔλῡον ἔλῡες ἔλῡε(ν) ἐλῡ́ετον ἐλῡέτην ἐλῡ́ομεν ἐλῡ́ετε ἔλῡον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐλῡόμην ἐλῡ́ου ἐλῡ́ετο ἐλῡ́εσθον ἐλῡέσθην ἐλῡόμεθᾰ ἐλῡ́εσθε ἐλῡ́οντο
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: λῡ́σω, λῡ́σομαι, λῠθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative λῡ́σω λῡ́σεις λῡ́σει λῡ́σετον λῡ́σετον λῡ́σομεν λῡ́σετε λῡ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative λῡ́σοιμῐ λῡ́σοις λῡ́σοι λῡ́σοιτον λῡσοίτην λῡ́σοιμεν λῡ́σοιτε λῡ́σοιεν
middle indicative λῡ́σομαι λῡ́σῃ,
λῡ́σει		 λῡ́σεται λῡ́σεσθον λῡ́σεσθον λῡσόμεθᾰ λῡ́σεσθε λῡ́σονται
optative λῡσοίμην λῡ́σοιο λῡ́σοιτο λῡ́σοισθον λῡσοίσθην λῡσοίμεθᾰ λῡ́σοισθε λῡ́σοιντο
passive indicative λῠθήσομαι λῠθήσῃ λῠθήσεται λῠθήσεσθον λῠθήσεσθον λῠθησόμεθᾰ λῠθήσεσθε λῠθήσονται
optative λῠθησοίμην λῠθήσοιο λῠθήσοιτο λῠθήσοισθον λῠθησοίσθην λῠθησοίμεθᾰ λῠθήσοισθε λῠθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive λῡ́σειν λῡ́σεσθαι λῠθήσεσθαι
participle m λῡ́σων λῡσόμενος λῠθησόμενος
f λῡ́σουσᾰ λῡσομένη λῠθησομένη
n λῦσον λῡσόμενον λῠθησόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔλῡσᾰ, ἐλῡσᾰ́μην, ἐλῠ́θην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔλῡσᾰ ἔλῡσᾰς ἔλῡσε(ν) ἐλῡ́σᾰτον ἐλῡσᾰ́την ἐλῡ́σᾰμεν ἐλῡ́σᾰτε ἔλῡσᾰν
subjunctive λῡ́σω λῡ́σῃς λῡ́σῃ λῡ́σητον λῡ́σητον λῡ́σωμεν λῡ́σητε λῡ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative λῡ́σαιμῐ λῡ́σειᾰς,
λῡ́σαις		 λῡ́σειε(ν),
λῡ́σαι		 λῡ́σαιτον λῡσαίτην λῡ́σαιμεν λῡ́σαιτε λῡ́σειᾰν,
λῡ́σαιεν
imperative   λῦσον λῡσᾰ́τω λῡ́σᾰτον λῡσᾰ́των   λῡ́σᾰτε λῡσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐλῡσᾰ́μην ἐλῡ́σω ἐλῡ́σᾰτο ἐλῡ́σᾰσθον ἐλῡσᾰ́σθην ἐλῡσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐλῡ́σᾰσθε ἐλῡ́σᾰντο
subjunctive λῡ́σωμαι λῡ́σῃ λῡ́σηται λῡ́σησθον λῡ́σησθον λῡσώμεθᾰ λῡ́σησθε λῡ́σωνται
optative λῡσαίμην λῡ́σαιο λῡ́σαιτο λῡ́σαισθον λῡσαίσθην λῡσαίμεθᾰ λῡ́σαισθε λῡ́σαιντο
imperative   λῦσαι λῡσᾰ́σθω λῡ́σᾰσθον λῡσᾰ́σθων   λῡ́σᾰσθε λῡσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐλῠ́θην ἐλῠ́θης ἐλῠ́θη ἐλῠ́θητον ἐλῠθήτην ἐλῠ́θημεν ἐλῠ́θητε ἐλῠ́θησᾰν
subjunctive λῠθῶ λῠθῇς λῠθῇ λῠθῆτον λῠθῆτον λῠθῶμεν λῠθῆτε λῠθῶσῐ(ν)
optative λῠθείην λῠθείης λῠθείη λῠθεῖτον,
λῠθείητον		 λῠθείτην,
λῠθειήτην		 λῠθεῖμεν,
λῠθείημεν		 λῠθεῖτε,
λῠθείητε		 λῠθεῖεν,
λῠθείησᾰν
imperative   λῠ́θητῐ λῠθήτω λῠ́θητον λῠθήτων   λῠ́θητε λῠθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive λῦσαι λῡ́σᾰσθαι λῠθῆναι
participle m λῡ́σᾱς λῡσᾰ́μενος λῠθείς
f λῡ́σᾱσᾰ λῡσᾰμένη λῠθεῖσᾰ
n λῦσᾰν λῡσᾰ́μενον λῠθέν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: λέλῠκᾰ, λέλῠμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative λέλῠκᾰ λέλῠκᾰς λέλῠκε(ν) λελῠ́κᾰτον λελῠ́κᾰτον λελῠ́κᾰμεν λελῠ́κᾰτε λελῠ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive λελῠ́κω λελῠ́κῃς λελῠ́κῃ λελῠ́κητον λελῠ́κητον λελῠ́κωμεν λελῠ́κητε λελῠ́κωσῐ(ν)
optative λελῠ́κοιμῐ,
λελῠκοίην		 λελῠ́κοις,
λελῠκοίης		 λελῠ́κοι,
λελῠκοίη		 λελῠ́κοιτον λελῠκοίτην λελῠ́κοιμεν λελῠ́κοιτε λελῠ́κοιεν
imperative   λέλῠκε λελῠκέτω λελῠ́κετον λελῠκέτων   λελῠ́κετε λελῠκόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative λέλῠμαι λέλῠσαι λέλῠται λέλῠσθον λέλῠσθον λελῠ́μεθᾰ λέλῠσθε λέλῠνται
subjunctive λελῠμένος ὦ λελῠμένος ᾖς λελῠμένος ᾖ λελῠμένω ἦτον λελῠμένω ἦτον λελῠμένοι ὦμεν λελῠμένοι ἦτε λελῠμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative λελῠμένος εἴην λελῠμένος εἴης λελῠμένος εἴη λελῠμένοι εἴητον/εἶτον λελῠμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην λελῠμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν λελῠμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε λελῠμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   λέλῠσο λελῠ́σθω λέλῠσθον λελῠ́σθων   λέλῠσθε λελῠ́σθων
active middle/passive
infinitive λελῠκέναι λελῠ́σθαι
participle m λελῠκώς λελῠμένος
f λελῠκυῖᾰ λελῠμένη
n λελῠκός λελῠμένον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ἐλελῠ́κειν, ἐλελῠ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐλελῠ́κειν,
ἐλελῠ́κη		 ἐλελῠ́κεις,
ἐλελῠ́κης		 ἐλελῠ́κει(ν) ἐλελῠ́κετον ἐλελῠκέτην ἐλελῠ́κεμεν ἐλελῠ́κετε ἐλελῠ́κεσᾰν
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐλελῠ́μην ἐλέλῠσο ἐλέλῠτο ἐλέλῠσθον ἐλελῠ́σθην ἐλελῠ́μεθᾰ ἐλέλῠσθε ἐλέλῠντο
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future perfect: λελῡ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/
passive		 indicative λελῡ́σομαι λελῡ́σῃ,
λελῡ́σει		 λελῡ́σεται λελῡ́σεσθον λελῡ́σεσθον λελῡσόμεθᾰ λελῡ́σεσθε λελῡ́σονται
optative λελῡσοίμην λελῡ́σοιο λελῡ́σοιτο λελῡ́σοισθον λελῡσοίσθην λελῡσοίμεθᾰ λελῡ́σοισθε λελῡ́σοιντο
middle/passive
infinitive λελῡ́σεσθαι
participle m λελῡσόμενος
f λελῡσομένη
n λελῡσόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Derivatives from λῡ́ω (and see their compounds):

Derived terms

Participles

Verbal adjectives

  • λῠτός (lutós, “that may be loosed, solved”)
  • λῠτέος (lutéos, “that must be loosed, solved”)

From stems λῠσ- λῡσ-

  • λῠ́σῐς f (lúsis, “releasing, solution”)
  • λῡσῐτελέω (lūsiteléō, “gain”)
  • and see λῡσῐ- (lūsi-)

From stem λῠτ

  • ἄλῠτος (álutos, “not to be loosed”)
  • λῠ́ται m pl (lútai)
  • Λῠταῖος (Lutaîos, “title of Poseidon”)
  • λῠ́τειρα (lúteira, “feminine of λυτήρ”)
  • λῠτέον n (lutéon, “one must refute”)
  • λῠτέος (lutéos, “one must solve”)
  • λῠτήρ m (lutḗr, “one who looses, deliverer”)
  • λῠτηριάς f (lutēriás, “λύτειρα”)
  • λῠτήριος (lutḗrios, “loosing, delivering”)
  • λῠτῐκός (lutikós, “able to loose, laxative”)
  • λῠτός (lutós, “that may be untied”)
  • λῠ́τρον n (lútron, “price of release”)
  • λῠτρόω (lutróō, “release/hold to ransom”) and its derivatives
  • λῠ́τωρ (lútōr, “λυτήρ”)

Also

  • λῦμα n (lûma, “2nd meaning: pledge, security”)

Compounds with λῡ́ω (and see their Derived terms):

Derived terms
  • ᾰ̓νᾰλῡ́ω (analū́ō, “unsettle, unloose”) or ἀλλῡ́ω
  • ἀντᾰνᾰλῡ́ω (antanalū́ō, “counteract”)
  • ᾰ̓πολῡ́ω (apolū́ō, “loose from”)
  • ᾰ̓ποδῐᾰλῡ́ω (apodialū́ō, “dissipate”)
  • δῐᾰλῡ́ω (dialū́ō, “I loose”)
  • ἐκλῡ́ω (eklū́ō, “set free”)
  • ἐνᾰπολῡ́ω (enapolū́ō, “acquit”)
  • ἐνδῐᾰλῡ́ω (endialū́ō, “loosen, disperse”)
  • ἐξᾰνᾰλῡ́ω (exanalū́ō, “set free”)
  • ἐπᾰνᾰλῡ́ω (epanalū́ō, “return”)
  • ἐπᾰπολῡ́ω (epapolū́ō, “discharge against”)
  • ἐπῐδῐᾰλῡ́ω (epidialū́ō, “come as a relief to”)
  • ἐπικᾰτᾰλῡ́ω (epikatalū́ō, “reduce yet further”)
  • ἐπῐλῡ́ω (epilū́ō, “I loose, untie”)
  • κᾰτᾰλῡ́ω (katalū́ō, “destroy”)
  • πᾰρᾰλῡ́ω (paralū́ō, “detach, weaken”)
  • περῐλῡ́ω (perilū́ō, “loosen about”)
  • προᾰπολῡ́ω (proapolū́ō, “dismiss before”)
  • προδῐᾰλῡ́ω (prodialū́ō, “dissolve”)
  • προεπῐλῡ́ω (proepilū́ō, “solve previously”)
  • προκᾰτᾰλῡ́ω (prokatalū́ō, “break up, annul beforehand”)
  • προλῡ́ω (prolū́ō, “undo, refute before”)
  • προσᾰνᾰλῡ́ω (prosanalū́ō, “break up as well”)
  • προσᾰπολῡ́ω (prosapolū́ō, “free besides”)
  • προσδῐᾰλῡ́ω (prosdialū́ō, “relax further”)
  • προσκᾰτᾰλῡ́ω (proskatalū́ō, “undo”)
  • προϋπεκλῡ́ω (proüpeklū́ō, “loosen”)
  • συγκᾰτᾰλῡ́ω (sunkatalū́ō, “help in undoing”)
  • συλλῡ́ω (sullū́ō, “help in loosing, solve difficulties”)
  • συμπεριλῡ́ω (sumperilū́ō, “release”)
  • σῠνᾰνᾰλῡ́ω (sunanalū́ō, “remit”)
  • σῠνᾰπολῡ́ω (sunapolū́ō, “release together”)
  • σῠνδῐᾰλῡ́ω (sundialū́ō, “help in putting an end to”)
  • σῠνεκλῡ́ω (suneklū́ō, “help to relax, enfeeble”)
  • ῠ̔πεκλῡ́ω (hupeklū́ō, “loosen”)
  • ῠ̔πεκπρολῡ́ω (hupekprolū́ō, “loose from under”)
  • ῠ̔πολῡ́ω (hupolū́ō, “loosen beneath”)

Descendants

See also

Etymology 2

Inflectional form of λῠάω (luáō, “revolt”).

Pronunciation
 

Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ύ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked.
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Verb

λύω • (lúō)

  1. inflection of λῠάω (luáō):
    1. first-person singular indicative and subjunctive present active contracted
    2. second-person singular imperative present mediopassive contracted
    3. second-person singular indicative imperfect mediopassive contracted unaugmented Homeric, Ionic

Further reading

Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Ancient Greek λῡ́ω (lū́ō).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈli.o/
  • Hyphenation: λύ‧ω

Verb

λύω • (lýo) (simple past έλυσα, passive λύομαι) (formal)

  1. terminate, adjourn, end (especially in passive form)
    λύεται η συνεδρίαση ― lýetai i synedríasi ― (especially of court) the session is adjourned
    λύεται η σύμβαση ― lýetai i sýmvasi ― the contract is terminated
  2. dismantled, disassemble → see participle λυόμενος
  3. see imperative λύσατε

Conjugation
λύω   λύομαι
Active voice ➤ Passive voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤ Present Dependent
1 sg λύω  (λύνω →) λύσω λύομαι λυθώ
2 sg λύεις λύσεις λύεσαι λυθείς
3 sg λύει λύσει λύεται λυθεί
1 pl λύουμε, λύομε(ν) λύσουμε, λύσομε λυόμαστε, {λυόμεθα} λυθούμε
2 pl λύετε λύσετε λύεστε, {λύεσθε} λυθείτε
3 pl λύουν λύσουν(ε) λύονται λυθούν(ε)
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤ Imperfect Simple past
1 sg έλυα έλυσα λυόμουν λύθηκα, [{ελύθην}]
2 sg έλυες έλυσες λυόσουν λύθηκες, [{ελύθης}]
3 sg έλυε έλυσε λυόταν λύθηκε, {ελύθη}
1 pl λύαμε λύσαμε λυόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) λυθήκαμε, [{ελύθημεν}]
2 pl λύατε λύσατε λυόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) λυθήκατε, [{ελύθητε}]
3 pl έλυαν έλυσαν, λύσαν(ε) λύονταν λύθηκαν, {ελύθησαν}
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤ Continuous Simple
1 sg θα λύω ➤ θα λύσω ➤ θα λύομαι ➤ θα λυθώ ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα λύεις, … θα λύσεις, … θα λύεσαι, … θα λυθείς, …
Perfect aspect ➤ Perfect aspect
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … λύσει   έχω, έχεις, … λυθεί
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … λύσει   είχα, είχες, … λυθεί
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … λύσει   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … λυθεί
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας, όταν, …).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg λύε λύσε {λύου} λύσου
2 pl λύετε λύστε, {λύσατε} λύεστε, {λύεσθε} λυθείτε
Other forms Active voice Passive voice
Present participle➤ — λυόμενος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤
Perfect participle➤ έχοντας λύσει ➤ λελυμένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤
Nonfinite form➤ λύσει λυθεί
Notes    • Many forms, as in the ancient inflection of λύω. Others, as in modern λύνω
 • Also, past participle {λυθείς}, {λυθείσα}, {λυθέν}
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Derived terms
  • δεσμείν και λύειν (desmeín kai lýein) (polytonic script: δεσμεῖν καί λύειν)
Related to λύω
  • άλυτος (álytos)
  • αλύτρωτος (alýtrotos)
  • λελυμένος (lelyménos, “solved”, participle) (formal, archaic)
  • λυσάρι n (lysári)
  • λύση f (lýsi, “solution”)
  • λύσιμο n (lýsimo)
  • λυσιτελής (lysitelís)
  • λυσιτελώ (lysiteló)
  • λυόμενο n (lyómeno, “prefabricated house”)
  • λυόμενος (lyómenos, “dismantled, unbound”, participle)
  • λύτης (lýtis, “one who solves”)
  • λύτρα n pl (lýtra, “ransom”)
  • λύτρωση f (lýtrosi)
  • λυτρώνω (lytróno)

Compounds of the ancient λύω (and see their Derivatives):

Compounds of λύω
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