εἰμί

See also: εἶμι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ehmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognate with Old English eom (whence English am), Latin sum, Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi), Old Armenian եմ (em), and so on. More at *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

Pronunciation
 
  • Audio (Classical Attic): εἰμί, ἔσομαι, ἦν, εἶναι(file)

Verb

εἰμῐ́ • (eimí)

  1. To be, exist; (of persons) live
    1. (of events) To happen
    2. To be the case
  2. (copulative) To be [+nominative = something, someone]
  3. (third person, impersonal) it is possible [+infinitive = that ...]

Usage notes
  • Used as Aorist: ἐγενόμην (egenómēn) and as Present Perfect: γέγονα (gégona) from verb γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “come into being”)
  • Hellenistic Koine present imperative 2nd person singular: ἔσο (éso)
  • Postclassical Imperfect 1st person singular: ἢμην (ḕmēn)
  • Verbal adjective: συνεστέον (sunestéon)

Inflection
   Present: εἰμῐ́
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἰμῐ́ εἶ ἐστί/ἐστίν ἐστόν ἐστόν ἐσμέν ἐστέ εἰσί/εἰσίν
subjunctive ὦ ᾖς ᾖ ἦτον ἦτον ὦμεν ἦτε ὦσι/ὦσιν
optative εἴην εἴης εἴη εἴητον/εἶτον εἰήτην/εἴτην εἴημεν/εἶμεν εἴητε/εἶτε εἴησαν/εἶεν
imperative   ἴσθι ἔστω ἔστον ἔστων   ἔστε ἔστων/ἔστωσαν/ὂντων
active
infinitive εἶναι
participle m ὤν
f οὖσα
n ὄν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: εἰμί Epic
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἰμί ἐσσί/εἶς ἐστί/ἐστίν ἐστόν ἐστόν εἰμέν ἐστέ εἰσί(ν)/ἔᾱσι(ν)
subjunctive ἔω ᾖς ἔῃ/ἔῃσι/ᾖσι       ἦτε ἔωσι(ν)/ὦσι(ν)
optative εἴην εἴης/ἔοις/ἔοι εἴη εἴητον/εἶτον εἰήτην/εἴτην εἴημεν/εἶμεν εἴητε/εἶτε εἴησαν/εἶεν
imperative   ἔσσο ἔστω ἔστον ἔστων   ἔστε ἔστων
active
infinitive εἶναι/ἔμμεναι/ἔμεναι/ἔμμεν/ἔμεν
participle m ἐών/ὤν
f ἐοῦσα/οὖσα
n ἐόν/ὄν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἦ/ἦν
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦ/ἦν ἦσθα ἦν ἦστον ἤστην ἦμεν ἦτε ἦσαν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἦα/ἔᾱ/ἔον/ἔσκον Epic
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦα/ἔᾱ/ἔον/ἔσκον ἔησθα/ἦσθα ἦεν/ἔην/ἤην/ἦν/ἔσκε(ν) ἤστον ἤστην ἦμεν ἦτε ἦσαν/ἔσαν
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἔσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἔσομαι ἔσῃ,
ἔσει		 ἔσται ἔσεσθον ἔσεσθον ἐσόμεθᾰ ἔσεσθε ἔσονται
optative ἐσοίμην ἔσοιο ἔσοιτο ἔσοισθον ἐσοίσθην ἐσοίμεθᾰ ἔσοισθε ἔσοιντο
middle
infinitive ἔσεσθαι
participle m ἐσόμενος
f ἐσομένη
n ἐσόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἔσομαι/ἔσσομαι Epic
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ἔσομαι/ἔσσομαι ἔσῃ,
ἔσει		 ἔσεται/ἔσται/ἔσσεται/ἐσσεῖται ἔσεσθον ἔσεσθον ἐσόμεθᾰ ἔσεσθε ἔσονται
optative ἐσοίμην ἔσοιο ἔσοιτο ἔσοισθον ἐσοίσθην ἐσοίμεθᾰ ἔσοισθε ἔσοιντο
middle
infinitive ἔσεσθαι/ἔσσεσθαι
participle m ἐσόμενος
f
n ἐσόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms
  • (it is possible): ἔξεστι (éxesti)

Derived terms
  • ἄπειμι (ápeimi)
  • ἀπουσία (apousía)
  • αὐτοουσία (autoousía)
  • ἔνειμι (éneimi)
  • ἔξειμι (éxeimi)
  • ἔξεστι (éxesti)
  • ἐξουσία (exousía)
  • ἔπειμι (épeimi)
  • ἐπιούσιος (epioúsios)
  • ἐπιπρόσειμι (epipróseimi)
  • ἐπισυμπάρειμι (episumpáreimi)
  • ἐπισύνειμι (episúneimi)
  • καταπερίειμι (kataperíeimi)
  • μέτειμι (méteimi)
  • μετουσία (metousía)
  • οὐρανουσία (ouranousía)
  • οὐσία (ousía)
  • πάρειμι (páreimi)
  • παρουσία (parousía)
  • περίειμι (períeimi)
  • περιουσία (periousía)
  • πρόειμι (próeimi)
  • προένειμι (proéneimi)
  • προέξειμι (proéxeimi)
  • πρόσειμι (próseimi)
  • προσπάρειμι (prospáreimi)
  • συμπάρειμι (sumpáreimi)
  • συμπρόσειμι (sumpróseimi)
  • σύνειμι (súneimi)
  • συνένειμι (sunéneimi)
  • συνουσία (sunousía)
  • συνύπειμι (sunúpeimi)
  • ὕπειμι (húpeimi)
  • ὑπένειμι (hupéneimi)
  • ὑπέρειμι (hupéreimi)
  • ὤν (ṓn)

Descendants

References
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