đóng

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 凍 (“freeze”; SV: đống). Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] /tɒːŋ³/.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɗawŋ͡m˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˧˥]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɗawŋ͡m˦˥]

đóng (𠘃, 㨂, 凍, 棟)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to close, to shut, to be closed (a door, lid, border)

   đóng cửa sổ

   to shut a window

   Tiệm đóng cửa hôm nay.

   The shop is closed today.

2. (transitive or intransitive) to shut down (a computer, business)

   Một công ty máy tính ở Anh thông báo đóng cửa vì bị phá sản.

   A British computer company announced its closure due to bankruptcy.

3. (transitive) to drive (a nail, stake)

   đóng đinh

   to drive a nail

4. (intransitive) to congeal, solidify (grease, water, blood)
5. (transitive) to pack (wine, flour, goods in a container)
6. (transitive) to appear in, to star in, to play a role in (a play, movie, show)
7. (transitive) to post, to pay, to submit (tuition, bond, taxes, bail)
   • 1957, Đoàn Giỏi, chapter 17, in Đất rừng phương Nam, Kim Đồng:

     Họ phải đóng thuế hằng năm như đóng thuế ruộng đấy, con ạ.

     They have to pay annual taxes just like paying land tax, son.

8. (transitive) to assemble (a table, shoe, ship, book)
9. (transitive) to wear tightly, to fasten to oneself (a loincloth, harness, yoke)
10. (transitive) to affix (a seal)
11. (transitive or intransitive, military) to station; to be stationed
12. (transitive, dated) to achieve a specific military rank

• (to post): nộp

• (to close): mở
• (to shut down): mở
• (to drive): tháo, gỡ, tháo gỡ
• (to congeal): tan

• (congeal): đọng

• "đóng" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)