strugure

Romanian

Alternative forms

strugur (colloquial, northern), strugar (rare), strug (Besarabia)

Etymology

Origin uncertain. Many theories have been proposed. Possibly a singularised plural of strug (now a regional term found in Besarabia), which may be related to strung (“lathe”), strunji or the verb struji (“to clean feathers, branches, cobs of corn, etc.; to shave or scrape off; to chisel”), a regionalism of Slavic origin, possibly borrowed from Middle Bulgarian strŭžiti, strŭgati (whence Bulgarian стръга́ (strǎgá), стръжа́ (strǎžá), ‘to flake off, chip off; rub’).[1] For the semantic development, compare: Spanish raspa (“bunch of grapes”), from the verb raspar (“scrape; file or sand down”). Alternatively, strug may be borrowed from Ancient Greek τρύγος (trúgos), τρυγή (trugḗ), ‘vine harvest’.[2] Other less likely etymologies include a Latin *stribulus or *strubulus, a Gepid thrubilo or struwilo, corresponding to German Träubel ‘grape hyacinth’,[3] or a substratum origin (although the word doesn't seem to have an Albanian or other Balkan equivalent).[4] Replaced Old Romanian auă, from Latin uva.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈst̪ɾu.ɡu.ɾe/

Noun

strugure m (plural struguri)

grape
bunch, cluster (of grapes)

Declension

declension of strugure

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) strugure	strugurele	(niște) struguri	strugurii
genitive/dative	(unui) strugure	strugurelui	(unor) struguri	strugurilor
vocative	strugure		strugurilor

Synonyms

(grape): auă (obsolete)
(bunch of grapes): ciorchine, scălan

Derived terms

strugurel (diminutive)
struguraș (diminutive)

References

Alexandru de Cihac, Dictionnaire d’étymologie daco-romane, vol. 2: Éléments slaves, magyars, turcs et albanais (Frankfurt: Ludolphe St. Goar, 1879), 375–6.
Hariton Tiktin, Rumänisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1st edn. (Bucharest: Staatsdruckerei, 1903-1925).
C. Diculescu, “Altgermanische Bestandteile im Rumänischen”, Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 41, no. 2 (Jan 1921): 424; Ernst Gamillscheg, Romania Germanica, 3 vols. (Berlin: 1934–6), 266.
Alexandru Ciorănescu, Diccionario etimológico rumano, s.v “strugure” (La Laguna, Tenerife: Biblioteca Filológica, Universidad de la Laguna, 1958–1966).

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[1] Alexandru de Cihac, Dictionnaire d’étymologie daco-romane, vol. 2: Éléments slaves, magyars, turcs et albanais (Frankfurt: Ludolphe St. Goar, 1879), 375–6.

[2] Hariton Tiktin, Rumänisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1st edn. (Bucharest: Staatsdruckerei, 1903-1925).

[3] C. Diculescu, “Altgermanische Bestandteile im Rumänischen”, Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 41, no. 2 (Jan 1921): 424; Ernst Gamillscheg, Romania Germanica, 3 vols. (Berlin: 1934–6), 266.

[4] Alexandru Ciorănescu, Diccionario etimológico rumano, s.v “strugure” (La Laguna, Tenerife: Biblioteca Filológica, Universidad de la Laguna, 1958–1966).