rugir
Catalan
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō (“roar”). Cf. Old French ruir, a more gallicized variant. See also rut.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁy.ʒiʁ/
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
present participle | rugissant /ʁy.ʒi.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
past participle | rugi /ʁy.ʒi/ | ||||||
infinitive | |||||||
simple | rugir | ||||||
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
gerund1 | |||||||
simple | rugissant /ʁy.ʒi.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugit /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugissons /ʁy.ʒi.sɔ̃/ |
rugissez /ʁy.ʒi.se/ |
rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/ |
imperfect | rugissais /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ |
rugissais /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ |
rugissait /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ |
rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/ |
rugissaient /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugit /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugîmes /ʁy.ʒim/ |
rugîtes /ʁy.ʒit/ |
rugirent /ʁy.ʒiʁ/ | |
future | rugirai /ʁy.ʒi.ʁe/ |
rugiras /ʁy.ʒi.ʁa/ |
rugira /ʁy.ʒi.ʁa/ |
rugirons /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/ |
rugirez /ʁy.ʒi.ʁe/ |
rugiront /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | rugirais /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
rugirais /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
rugirait /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
rugirions /ʁy.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rugiriez /ʁy.ʒi.ʁje/ |
rugiraient /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugisses /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/ |
rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/ |
imperfect2 | rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugisses /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugît /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/ |
rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
— | rugissons /ʁy.ʒi.sɔ̃/ |
rugissez /ʁy.ʒi.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “rugir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁuˈʒiɾ/
Verb
rugir (first-person singular present indicative rujo, past participle rugido)
- to roar (to make a loud, deep cry)
Conjugation
Notes:[edit] | ||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | rugir | |||||
Personal | rugir | rugires | rugir | rugirmos | rugirdes | rugirem |
Gerund | ||||||
rugindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | rugido | rugidos | ||||
Feminine | rugida | rugidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | rujo | ruges | ruge | rugimos | rugis | rugem |
Imperfect | rugia | rugias | rugia | rugíamos | rugíeis | rugiam |
Preterite | rugi | rugiste | rugiu | rugimos | rugistes | rugiram |
Pluperfect | rugira | rugiras | rugira | rugíramos | rugíreis | rugiram |
Future | rugirei | rugirás | rugirá | rugiremos | rugireis | rugirão |
Conditional | ||||||
rugiria | rugirias | rugiria | rugiríamos | rugiríeis | rugiriam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ruja | rujas | ruja | rujamos | rujais | rujam |
Imperfect | rugisse | rugisses | rugisse | rugíssemos | rugísseis | rugissem |
Future | rugir | rugires | rugir | rugirmos | rugirdes | rugirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | - | ruge | ruja | rujamos | rugi | rujam |
Negative (não) | - | rujas | ruja | rujamos | rujais | rujam |
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin rugīre, present active infinitive of rugiō (“roar”). Compare the inherited Old Spanish (and Ladino) ruir; cf. also the related ruido[1].
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ruˈxiɾ/
Verb
rugir (first-person singular present rujo, first-person singular preterite rugí, past participle rugido)
Conjugation
infinitive | rugir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | rugiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | rugido | rugida | |||||
plural | rugidos | rugidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | rujo | rugestú rugísvos |
ruge | rugimos | rugís | rugen | |
imperfect | rugía | rugías | rugía | rugíamos | rugíais | rugían | |
preterite | rugí | rugiste | rugió | rugimos | rugisteis | rugieron | |
future | rugiré | rugirás | rugirá | rugiremos | rugiréis | rugirán | |
conditional | rugiría | rugirías | rugiría | rugiríamos | rugiríais | rugirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | ruja | rujas | ruja | rujamos | rujáis | rujan | |
imperfect (ra) |
rugiera | rugieras | rugiera | rugiéramos | rugierais | rugieran | |
imperfect (se) |
rugiese | rugieses | rugiese | rugiésemos | rugieseis | rugiesen | |
future1 | rugiere | rugieres | rugiere | rugiéremos | rugiereis | rugieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | rugetú rugívos |
ruja | rujamos | rugid | rujan | ||
negative | no rujas | no ruja | no rujamos | no rujáis | no rujan |
- 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive rugir | |||||||
dative | rugirme | rugirte | rugirle, rugirse | rugirnos | rugiros | rugirles, rugirse | |
accusative | rugirme | rugirte | rugirlo, rugirla, rugirse | rugirnos | rugiros | rugirlos, rugirlas, rugirse | |
with gerund rugiendo | |||||||
dative | rugiéndome | rugiéndote | rugiéndole, rugiéndose | rugiéndonos | rugiéndoos | rugiéndoles, rugiéndose | |
accusative | rugiéndome | rugiéndote | rugiéndolo, rugiéndola, rugiéndose | rugiéndonos | rugiéndoos | rugiéndolos, rugiéndolas, rugiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular imperative ruge | |||||||
dative | rúgeme | rúgete | rúgele | rúgenos | not used | rúgeles | |
accusative | rúgeme | rúgete | rúgelo, rúgela | rúgenos | not used | rúgelos, rúgelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative ruja | |||||||
dative | rújame | not used | rújale, rújase | rújanos | not used | rújales | |
accusative | rújame | not used | rújalo, rújala, rújase | rújanos | not used | rújalos, rújalas | |
with first-person plural imperative rujamos | |||||||
dative | not used | rujámoste | rujámosle | rujámonos | rujámoos | rujámosles | |
accusative | not used | rujámoste | rujámoslo, rujámosla | rujámonos | rujámoos | rujámoslos, rujámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative rugid | |||||||
dative | rugidme | not used | rugidle | rugidnos | rugíos | rugidles | |
accusative | rugidme | not used | rugidlo, rugidla | rugidnos | rugíos | rugidlos, rugidlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative rujan | |||||||
dative | rújanme | not used | rújanle | rújannos | not used | rújanles, rújanse | |
accusative | rújanme | not used | rújanlo, rújanla | rújannos | not used | rújanlos, rújanlas, rújanse |