plāns

See also: plans, Plans, plâns, plåns, and planš

Latvian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Plan, which is itself a borrowing from French plan, from Latin planta (sole of foot), which is ultimately from the same stem as the adjective plāns (thin) below. This borrowing is first mentioned in 19th-century dictionaries.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [plāːns]

Noun

plāns m (1st declension)

  1. plan, map, blueprint, layout (a detailed drawing or scheme of an object, a building, a territory)
    skolas plānsplan, blueprint of the school
    dzīvokļa plānsplan, blueprint of the apartment
    parka, stadiona plānsplan of the park, of the stadium
    izstrādāt ēkas plānuto develop a plan for the building
    labojumi ciemata plānācorrections in the village plans
  2. plan, map (a drawing indicating the path of a movement, its direction, order, etc.)
    evakuācijas plānsevaculation plan
    ekspedīcijas pārvietošanās plānsexpedition travel plan
    karaspēka virzības plānstroop advancement plan, map
  3. plan (a future event worked out in detail; the corresponding text or document)
    ražošanas plānsproduction plan
    ekonomiskās un sociālās attīstības kompleksais plānsa combined plan for economical and social development
    izstrādāt, nospraust, apstiprināt plānuto develop, to outline, to approve a plan
    nodrošināt plāna izspildito ensure the execution of a plan
    veikt darbu saskaņā ar plānuto perform work according to plan
  4. plan (intention, idea, thoughts about the future realization of some course of action)
    nākotnes plāniplans (for) the future
    man galvā jaucas dažādi plāni: kā dzīvot tālāk, ko darīt...in my head various plans are mixed: how to live further, what to do...
  5. (of texts) plan (concise sequential formulation of the structure of a text)
    disertācijas plānsdissertation plan
    sacerējuma, romāana plānsessay, novel plan
    nolasīt lekcijas plānuto read the lecture plan
  6. plane (view from a certain standpoint, as a certain sphere of expression)
    nemanāmi cieši abās lugās kopā savijusies sociālais un individuālais plānsin both plays the social and individual planes are closely, seamlessly intertwined
  7. plane (location of an object or a part of it, depending on the viewer's vantage point)
    skatuves iekārtojumā izšķir trīs plānus: priekšējo, vidējo un dziļo plānuin the organization of a stage one distinguishes three planes: the front (= foreground), the middle (= midground) and the deep (= background) plane.
  8. plane (the frame at which a scene is filmed)
    dažreiz uzņemtā aina, epizode, atsevišķs plāns jāiemontē pavisam citā filma vietā, nekā scenārija bijis paredzētssometimes the captured scene, episode, a different plan must be fitted at a completely different point in the movie than had been intended in the screenplay
  9. (usually in the locative, with pirmais (first), otrais (second), etc.) plane (level of importance)
    rakstnieks šo tēlu atstājis trēšajā plānāthe writer left this image in the third plane
    kopš pašām pirmajām darba dienām skolotājas personīga dzīve attālinājās kaut kur otrajā plānāsince the very first days of work, a schoolteacher's personal life is moved back somewhere into the second plane (= background)
    ja vairāk pirmajā plānā izvirzītos autora iecerētā doma, lugas pamatideja izrādē izskanētu vēl spēcīgāk, emocionālāk, pārliecinošākif the author's intended thought had been put forward more in the first plane (= foreground), then the play's main idea would have sounded stronger, more emotional, more persuasive
Declension
Derived terms
  • plānot

Etymology 2

From Proto-Baltic *planas, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pelh-, *plā- (to stretch out, wide) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -no-s. The semantic change probably was “to stretch out” > “to make thin by stretching” > “thin.” Cognates include Lithuanian plónas (thin, delicate, rare), Latin plānus (flat, level; clear), Hittite palẖi (wide).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [plâːns]

Adjective

plāns (definite plānais, comparative plānāks, superlative visplānākais, adverb plāni)

  1. (of leaf- or wall-like objects) thin (having a small cross section)
    plāns dēlisthin board, plank
    plāna sienathin wall
    plāns stikls, ledusthin glass, ice
    nogriezt plānu maizes šķēlito cut a thin slice of bread
    plāns kā papīrsthin as paper
  2. (of fabric, cloth) thin (with a small cross section; not thick, not dense, light, translucid)
    plāns audumsthin fabric
    plāna šalle, blūzethin scarf, blouse
  3. (usually of hair, etc.) thin (such that its component parts are far from each other; syn. rets)
    plāni matithin hair
    plānas uzacisthin eyebrows
    tur pie galdiņa sēdēja sirmgalvis ar pliku galvvidu un plāniem, baltiem matiemthere at the little table an old man sat, with a bald top of head and thin, white hair
    deju starplaikos drūzma zāles vidū neko plānāka nekļuvathe dancing crowd in the middle of the hall did not become any thinner
  4. (of food, drink) thin (not very nutritious, lean, rather liquid in consistency)
    plāna putrathin porridge
    plāna, ūdeņaina mērcītethin, watery little sauce
    plāna sēņu zupathin mushroom soup
  5. (of gases, smoke, fog) thin (not dense, not opaque)
    plāna dūmakathin haze
    migla kļuva plānākathe mist became thinnner
    plāns dūmu stabiņšthin column of smoke
    aiz plānajiem mākoņiem peld nespodrs mēnessbehind thin clouds swam the dim moon
  6. (of people, their body parts) thin, weak
    plāns degunsthin nose
    plāna plaukstathin hand, palm (of hand)
    viņa sievas vaigi kļuvuši plānākihis wife's cheeks (had) become thinner
  7. (colloquial) thin, poor
    zivju tīklos pavisam maz; tomēr, neraugoties uz plānu lomu, komandai garastāvoklis ļoti labsthere were very few fish in the nets; however, despite the thin, poor catch, the team's mood (was) very good
  8. (rare, of physical or psychological states) incomplete, weak
    šādā elektriskajā gaismā putna miegs ir plāns — under this electric light the bird's sleep is weak
    tikai smaids palika plānāks — only the smile became thinner, weaker
Declension
Synonyms
  • (of cylindrial objects): tievs
  • (of hair): rets
  • (of hair, food, liquids, fabric): šķidrs
Antonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Plāns

A nominalized form of the adjective plāns (thin), with the etymological meaning of “flat” > “ground, floor.” The different intonation is the result of historical changes in the position of stress. Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal plānas (floor), standard form plónas (thin, delicate, rare), Old Prussian plonis (floor, ground), Vulgar Latin plānum (plain, level ground), Proto-Germanic *flōrus (field, glade, ground, floor) (Middle Low German vlōr (floor, ground, meadow), German Flur (field, meadow, glade), English floor.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [plāːns]

Noun

plāns m (1st declension)

  1. (dialectal) barn floor, threshing floor (syn. klons)
    rijas plānsbarn floor
    virtuves plānskitchen (earthen, clay) floor
    kambarītim nebija grīdas, tāpat kā istabai; bet plāns te izskatījas gludāks, tīrāks, sausāks, jo vistas netika iekšāthe basement had no (log) floor, like the room; but the (clay, earth) floor there looked smoother, cleaner, drier, because there were no chickens inside
    ja man vēl šodien istabai kakti jāizslauka tikpat tīri kā plāna vidus, tad to man tika mācījusi pamāteif to this day I wipe the corners of my room as clean as the middle of the floor, then (it is because) my stepmother taught me (to do so)
Declension
Synonyms

References

  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), plāns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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