naufrager
French
Etymology
From Latin naufragāre, present active infinitive of naufragō (“I become shipwrecked”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nɔ.fʁa.ʒe/
Verb
naufrager
- (archaic, intransitive, of a vessel) to sink, go down
- (intransitive, of a person) to be on a sinking vessel, go down
- (intransitive, figuratively) to be on a sinking ship
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written naufrage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of naufrager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | naufrageant /no.fʁa.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | naufragé /no.fʁa.ʒe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | naufrager | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | naufrageant /no.fʁa.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/ |
naufrages /no.fʁaʒ/ |
naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/ |
naufrageons /no.fʁa.ʒɔ̃/ |
naufragez /no.fʁa.ʒe/ |
naufragent /no.fʁaʒ/ |
| imperfect | naufrageais /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ |
naufrageais /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ |
naufrageait /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ |
naufragions /no.fʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ |
naufragiez /no.fʁa.ʒje/ |
naufrageaient /no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | naufrageai /no.fʁa.ʒe/ |
naufrageas /no.fʁa.ʒa/ |
naufragea /no.fʁa.ʒa/ |
naufrageâmes /no.fʁa.ʒam/ |
naufrageâtes /no.fʁa.ʒat/ |
naufragèrent /no.fʁa.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | naufragerai /no.fʁaʒ.ʁe/ |
naufrageras /no.fʁaʒ.ʁa/ |
naufragera /no.fʁaʒ.ʁa/ |
naufragerons /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
naufragerez /no.fʁaʒ.ʁe/ |
naufrageront /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | naufragerais /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
naufragerais /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
naufragerait /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
naufragerions /no.fʁa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
naufrageriez /no.fʁa.ʒə.ʁje/ |
naufrageraient /no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/ |
naufrages /no.fʁaʒ/ |
naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/ |
naufragions /no.fʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ |
naufragiez /no.fʁa.ʒje/ |
naufragent /no.fʁaʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | naufrageasse /no.fʁa.ʒas/ |
naufrageasses /no.fʁa.ʒas/ |
naufrageât /no.fʁa.ʒa/ |
naufrageassions /no.fʁa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
naufrageassiez /no.fʁa.ʒa.sje/ |
naufrageassent /no.fʁa.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | naufrage /no.fʁaʒ/ |
— | naufrageons /no.fʁa.ʒɔ̃/ |
naufragez /no.fʁa.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “naufrager” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
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