sombrer
French
Etymology
From a Middle French soussombrer, from alteration of soussoubrer, with influence from sombre, and the first part perhaps being interpreted as a prefix. The word soussoubrer was probably a loan through a maritime route from Portuguese soçobrar, itself likely from Spanish zozobrar, from Old Spanish sozobrar, and this from Old Catalan sotsobrar, from sotsobre, from sots + sobre, or from Vulgar Latin *subsuperāre, from Latin sub + super.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɔ̃.bʁe/
Verb
sombrer
Conjugation
Conjugation of sombrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | sombrant /sɔ̃.bʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | sombré /sɔ̃.bʁe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | sombrer | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | sombrant /sɔ̃.bʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | sombre /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
sombres /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
sombre /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
sombrons /sɔ̃.bʁɔ̃/ |
sombrez /sɔ̃.bʁe/ |
sombrent /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
| imperfect | sombrais /sɔ̃.bʁɛ/ |
sombrais /sɔ̃.bʁɛ/ |
sombrait /sɔ̃.bʁɛ/ |
sombrions /sɔ̃.bʁi.jɔ̃/ |
sombriez /sɔ̃.bʁi.je/ |
sombraient /sɔ̃.bʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | sombrai /sɔ̃.bʁe/ |
sombras /sɔ̃.bʁa/ |
sombra /sɔ̃.bʁa/ |
sombrâmes /sɔ̃.bʁam/ |
sombrâtes /sɔ̃.bʁat/ |
sombrèrent /sɔ̃.bʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | sombrerai /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁe/ |
sombreras /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁa/ |
sombrera /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁa/ |
sombrerons /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
sombrerez /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁe/ |
sombreront /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | sombrerais /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁɛ/ |
sombrerais /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁɛ/ |
sombrerait /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁɛ/ |
sombrerions /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sombreriez /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁje/ |
sombreraient /sɔ̃.bʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | sombre /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
sombres /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
sombre /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
sombrions /sɔ̃.bʁi.jɔ̃/ |
sombriez /sɔ̃.bʁi.je/ |
sombrent /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | sombrasse /sɔ̃.bʁas/ |
sombrasses /sɔ̃.bʁas/ |
sombrât /sɔ̃.bʁa/ |
sombrassions /sɔ̃.bʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
sombrassiez /sɔ̃.bʁa.sje/ |
sombrassent /sɔ̃.bʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | sombre /sɔ̃bʁ/ |
— | sombrons /sɔ̃.bʁɔ̃/ |
sombrez /sɔ̃.bʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “sombrer” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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