miser
English
Etymology
From Late Latin miser (“wretched, unfortunate, unhappy, miserable, sick, ill, bad, worthless, etc.”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmaɪzə(ɹ)/
- :Rhymes: -aɪzə(r)
Noun
miser (plural misers)
- (derogatory) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.
- Ebenezer Scrooge was a stereotypical miser: he spent nothing he could save, neither giving to charity nor enjoying his wealth.
- A kind of earth auger, typically large-bored and often hand-operated.
Synonyms
- See Thesaurus:miser
Antonyms
Derived terms
Translations
skinflint or scrooge
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See also
Further reading
- miser in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- miser in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- miser at OneLook Dictionary Search
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mi.ze/
Conjugation
Conjugation of miser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | misant /mi.zɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | misé /mi.ze/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | miser | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | misant /mi.zɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | mise /miz/ |
mises /miz/ |
mise /miz/ |
misons /mi.zɔ̃/ |
misez /mi.ze/ |
misent /miz/ |
| imperfect | misais /mi.zɛ/ |
misais /mi.zɛ/ |
misait /mi.zɛ/ |
misions /mi.zjɔ̃/ |
misiez /mi.zje/ |
misaient /mi.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | misai /mi.ze/ |
misas /mi.za/ |
misa /mi.za/ |
misâmes /mi.zam/ |
misâtes /mi.zat/ |
misèrent /mi.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | miserai /miz.ʁe/ |
miseras /miz.ʁa/ |
misera /miz.ʁa/ |
miserons /miz.ʁɔ̃/ |
miserez /miz.ʁe/ |
miseront /miz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | miserais /miz.ʁɛ/ |
miserais /miz.ʁɛ/ |
miserait /miz.ʁɛ/ |
miserions /mi.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
miseriez /mi.zə.ʁje/ |
miseraient /miz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | mise /miz/ |
mises /miz/ |
mise /miz/ |
misions /mi.zjɔ̃/ |
misiez /mi.zje/ |
misent /miz/ |
| imperfect2 | misasse /mi.zas/ |
misasses /mi.zas/ |
misât /mi.za/ |
misassions /mi.za.sjɔ̃/ |
misassiez /mi.za.sje/ |
misassent /mi.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | mise /miz/ |
— | misons /mi.zɔ̃/ |
misez /mi.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “miser” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Etymology
Of unknown origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *mēwdʰ- (“to complain, be emotional about”), the same root of Latin maereō and Ancient Greek μῖσος (mîsos, “hatred”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmi.ser/, [ˈmɪ.sɛr]
Audio (Roman) (file)
Inflection
First/second declension, nominative masculine singular in -er.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | miser | misera | miserum | miserī | miserae | misera | |
| Genitive | miserī | miserae | miserī | miserōrum | miserārum | miserōrum | |
| Dative | miserō | miserae | miserō | miserīs | miserīs | miserīs | |
| Accusative | miserum | miseram | miserum | miserōs | miserās | misera | |
| Ablative | miserō | miserā | miserō | miserīs | miserīs | miserīs | |
| Vocative | miser | misera | miserum | miserī | miserae | misera | |
- comparative: miserior, superlative: miserrimus
Derived terms
- misericors
- miserulus
- miseror
Related terms
- miserātor / misertor
- misericordia
Descendants
References
- miser in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- miser in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- miser in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to live a happy (unhappy) life: vitam beatam (miseram) degere
- (ambiguous) to live a happy (unhappy) life: vitam beatam (miseram) degere
- H. H. Mallinckrodt, Latijn Nederlands woordenboek (Aula n° 24), Utrecht-Antwerpen, Spectrum, 1959 [Latin - Dutch dictionary in Dutch]
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “mjerë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 270
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