laskma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *laskedak, from Proto-Uralic *laćke- ~ *laśke-.
Usage notes
The past forms with -sk- are uncommon and can be considered a bit dated. The past active participle has 2 colloquial elided forms: lasnud and last. The latter is very rare in writing.
Inflection
Inflection of laskma (ÕS type 34/saatma, irregular gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | lasen | ei lase | 1st sing. | olen lasknud | ei ole lasknud pole lasknud |
| 2nd sing. | lased | 2nd sing. | oled lasknud | ||
| 3rd sing. | laseb | 3rd sing. | on lasknud | ||
| 1st plur. | laseme | 1st plur. | oleme lasknud | ||
| 2nd plur. | lasete | 2nd plur. | olete lasknud | ||
| 3rd plur. | lasevad | 3rd plur. | on lasknud | ||
| passive | lastakse | ei lasta | passive | on lastud | ei ole lastud pole lastud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | lasin lasksin |
ei lasknud | 1st sing. | olin lasknud | ei olnud lasknud polnud lasknud |
| 2nd sing. | lasid lasksid |
2nd sing. | olid lasknud | ||
| 3rd sing. | lasi laskis |
3rd sing. | oli lasknud | ||
| 1st plur. | lasime lasksime |
1st plur. | olime lasknud | ||
| 2nd plur. | lasite lasksite |
2nd plur. | olite lasknud | ||
| 3rd plur. | lasid lasksid |
3rd plur. | oli lasknud | ||
| passive | lasti | ei lastud | passive | oli lastud | ei olnud lastud polnud lastud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | laseksin | ei laseks | 1st sing. | oleksin lasknud | ei oleks lasknud poleks lasknud |
| 2nd sing. | laseksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid lasknud | ||
| 3rd sing. | laseks | 3rd sing. | oleks lasknud | ||
| 1st plur. | laseksime | 1st plur. | oleksime lasknud | ||
| 2nd plur. | laseksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite lasknud | ||
| 3rd plur. | laseksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid lasknud | ||
| passive | lastaks | ei lastaks | passive | oleks lastud | ei oleks lastud poleks lastud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | lase | ära lase | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | lasku | ärgu lasku | 3rd sing. | olgu lasknud | ärgu olgu lasknud |
| 1st plur. | laskem | ärgem laskem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | laske | ärge laske | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | lasku | ärgu lasku | 3rd plur. | olgu lasknud | ärgu olgu lasknud |
| passive | lastagu | ärgu lastagu | passive | olgu lastud | ärgu olgu lastud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | laskvat | ei laskvat | active | olevat lasknud | ei olevat lasknud polevat lasknud |
| passive | lastavat | ei lastavat | passive | olevat lastud | ei olevat lastud polevat lastud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | lasta | ||||||
| nominative | laskma | lastama | des-form | lastes | |||||
| inessive | laskmas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | laskmast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | laskmaks | — | present | lasev | lastav | ||||
| abessive | laskmata | — | past | lasknud | lastud | ||||
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