kold
Danish
Etymology
From Old Danish kald, from Old Norse kaldr, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɔl/, [kʰʌlˀ]
Inflection
Inflection of kold | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | kold | koldere | koldest2 |
Neuter singular | koldt | koldere | koldest2 |
Plural | kolde | koldere | koldest2 |
Definite attributive1 | kolde | koldere | koldeste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Estonian
Etymology
Of Baltic origin, compare Lithuanian geltas (“yellow”) and Latvian dzelta, dzelte (“ground pine”). Cognate to Finnish kelta.
Declension
Declension of kold (type külm)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | kold | kollad |
genitive | kolla | koldade |
partitive | kolda | koldi / koldasid |
illative | kolda / kollasse | koldadesse / koldisse |
inessive | kollas | koldades / koldis |
elative | kollast | koldadest / koldist |
allative | kollale | koldadele / koldile |
adessive | kollal | koldadel / koldil |
ablative | kollalt | koldadelt / koldilt |
translative | kollaks | koldadeks / koldiks |
terminative | kollani | koldadeni |
essive | kollana | koldadena |
abessive | kollata | koldadeta |
comitative | kollaga | koldadega |
German Low German
Etymology
From Middle Low German kôlt, from Old Saxon kāld, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-. The A became an O through the effect of the velarised L in the same manner as in Dutch koud. Cognate with Dutch koud, West Frisian kâld, German kalt, English cold, Danish kold.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰɔːɫt/
Declension
Positive forms of kold
gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | he is kold | se is kold | dat is kold | se sünd kold | |
partitive | een kolls | een kolls | wat kolls | allens koll | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kolle | kolle | kold | kolle |
oblique | kollen | kolle | kold | kolle | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de kolle | de kolle | dat kolle | de kollen |
oblique | den kollen | de kolle | dat kolle | de kollen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en kolle | en kolle | en kold/kollet | (keen) kollen |
oblique | en kollen | en kolle | en kold/kollet | (keen) kollen |
Comparative forms of kold
gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | he is köller | se is köller | dat is köller | se sünd köller | |
partitive | een köllers | een köllers | wat köllers | allens köller | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | köllere | köllere | köller | köllere |
oblique | köllern | köllere | köller | köllere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de köllere | de köllere | dat köllere | de köllern |
oblique | den köllern | de köllere | dat köllere | de köllern | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en köllere | en köllere | en köller | (keen) köllern |
oblique | en köllern | en köllere | en köller | (keen) köllern |
Superlative forms of kold
gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | he is de Köllste | se is de Köllste | dat is dat Köllste | se sünd de Köllsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | köllste | köllste | köllst | köllste |
oblique | köllsten | köllste | köllst | köllste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de köllste | de köllste | dat köllste | de köllsten |
oblique | den köllsten | de köllste | dat köllste | de köllsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en köllste | en köllste | en köllst | (keen) köllsten |
oblique | en köllsten | en köllste | en köllst | (keen) köllsten |
Note: This declension is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
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Middle Low German
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