jǫrð

See also: jord, jørð, jorð, and jörð

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *erþō (“earth”). Cognate with Old English eorþe, Old Frisian erthe, irthe, erde, Old Saxon ertha, Old Dutch ertha, Old High German erda, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa). The root vowel e underwent breaking (e > ja), or breaking and u-umlaut (e > ja > jǫ).

Pronunciation

(12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈjɒrð/

Noun

jǫrð f (genitive jarðar, plural jarðir)

earth
- Alvíssmál, stanza 9, lines 4-6
  Hvé sú jǫrð heitir,
  er liggr fyr alda sonum
  heimi hverjum í?
  How is the earth named,
  that which lies before the sons of men,
  in each of the worlds?

Declension

Declension of jǫrð (strong i-stem)

feminine	singular		plural
feminine	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	jǫrð	jǫrðin	jarðir	jarðirnar
accusative	jǫrð	jǫrðina	jarðir	jarðirnar
dative	jǫrðu	jǫrðunni	jǫrðum	jǫrðunum
genitive	jarðar	jarðarinnar	jarða	jarðanna

Descendants

Icelandic: jörð
Faroese: jørð
Norn: yurn, vrildin
Norwegian: jord
Old Swedish: iorþ
- Swedish: jord
Old Danish: iorth
- Danish: jord
Old Gutnish: iorþ
- Gutnish: jård
Scanian: jorð
Elfdalian: juord
Jamtish: jórð
Westrobothnian: jol

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