istuma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *istudak, of Finno-Mordvinic origin. Cognate to Finnish istua. Possibly of Indo-European origin; from Proto-Indo-European *sed-. Compare Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai).
Conjugation
Inflection of istuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | istun | ei istu | 1st sing. | olen istunud | ei ole istunud pole istunud |
| 2nd sing. | istud | 2nd sing. | oled istunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | istub | 3rd sing. | on istunud | ||
| 1st plur. | istume | 1st plur. | oleme istunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | istute | 2nd plur. | olete istunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | istuvad | 3rd plur. | on istunud | ||
| passive | istutakse | ei istuta | passive | on istutud | ei ole istutud pole istutud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | istusin | ei istunud | 1st sing. | olin istunud | ei olnud istunud polnud istunud |
| 2nd sing. | istusid | 2nd sing. | olid istunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | istus | 3rd sing. | oli istunud | ||
| 1st plur. | istusime | 1st plur. | olime istunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | istusite | 2nd plur. | olite istunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | istusid | 3rd plur. | oli istunud | ||
| passive | istuti | ei istutud | passive | oli istutud | ei olnud istutud polnud istutud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | istuksin | ei istuks | 1st sing. | oleksin istunud | ei oleks istunud poleks istunud |
| 2nd sing. | istuksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid istunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | istuks | 3rd sing. | oleks istunud | ||
| 1st plur. | istuksime | 1st plur. | oleksime istunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | istuksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite istunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | istuksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid istunud | ||
| passive | istutaks | ei istutaks | passive | oleks istutud | ei oleks istutud poleks istutud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | istu | ära istu | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | istugu | ärgu istugu | 3rd sing. | olgu istunud | ärgu olgu istunud |
| 1st plur. | istugem | ärgem istugem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | istuge | ärge istuge | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | istugu | ärgu istugu | 3rd plur. | olgu istunud | ärgu olgu istunud |
| passive | istutagu | ärgu istutagu | passive | olgu istutud | ärgu olgu istutud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | istuvat | ei istuvat | active | olevat istunud | ei olevat istunud polevat istunud |
| passive | istutavat | ei istutavat | passive | olevat istutud | ei olevat istutud polevat istutud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | istuda | ||||||
| nominative | istuma | istutama | des-form | istudes | |||||
| inessive | istumas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | istumast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | istumaks | — | present | istuv | istutav | ||||
| abessive | istumata | — | past | istunud | istutud | ||||
Finnish
Declension
| Inflection of istuma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | istuma | istumat | |
| genitive | istuman | istumien | |
| partitive | istumaa | istumia | |
| illative | istumaan | istumiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | istuma | istumat | |
| accusative | nom. | istuma | istumat |
| gen. | istuman | ||
| genitive | istuman | istumien istumainrare | |
| partitive | istumaa | istumia | |
| inessive | istumassa | istumissa | |
| elative | istumasta | istumista | |
| illative | istumaan | istumiin | |
| adessive | istumalla | istumilla | |
| ablative | istumalta | istumilta | |
| allative | istumalle | istumille | |
| essive | istumana | istumina | |
| translative | istumaksi | istumiksi | |
| instructive | — | istumin | |
| abessive | istumatta | istumitta | |
| comitative | — | istumine | |
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