erbaid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *erbyeti (“to entrust”). Possibly cognate with Old Irish orb (“heir”), Latin orbus (“bereft, parentless”), Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphan”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 (arbja, “inheritance”), if the root of these words is Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ- (“to bequeath”) rather than *h₃erbʰ- as usually reconstructed.[1] However, the latter reconstruction can be retained if Pedersen is correct that the Old Irish verb comes not from Proto-Celtic *erbyeti but rather from *ɸare-orbyeti, with reinterpretation of the expected prototonic *·air’rbai as a simple conjunct ·erbai with new absolute forms built to it.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈerbiðʲ/
Verb
erbaid (conjunct ·erbai, verbal noun erbud)
- to entrust
- to trust (with i (“in”) + accusative)
- c. 875, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b12
- ní ind fessin eirbthi, ⁊ nách dó du·aisilbi na nní do·gní, acht is do Dia
- it is not in himself that he trusts, and it is not to himself that he ascribes whatever he does, but it is to God
- c. 875, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b12
Inflection
Simple, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | erbaid eirbthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) |
|||||||
| Conj. | ·érpimm | ·erpi | ·erbai | ·erbat | |||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·erbt(a)is | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·eirpset | ·erbad | ·airptha | ||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·eirpset | ro·erbad | ro·airptha | |||||
| Prot. | ·re(i)rb, ·rerp | ||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·eirbea, ·erba | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·irpaid | ||||||||
| Rel. | erpther | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·erbainn | ||||||||
| Imperative | erpid | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | erbud | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- con·erbai
Further reading
- C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “erbaid”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN
- Holger Pedersen (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*erb-(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
- Holger Pedersen (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513–14
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