diriger

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dīrigō, dīrigere (“to direct”), simplified into a first conjugation French verb.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /di.ʁi.ʒe/
  • audio(file)

Verb

diriger

  1. (transitive) to run; to direct (be the director of)
    Il dirige son entreprise avec passion.
    He runs his business with passion.
  2. to supervise; to oversee
  3. to steer (vehicles)
    Il sait bien diriger le bateau.
    He knows how to steer the boat.
  4. to aim, to direct
    Dirigez vos armes à l'ennemi.
    Aim your weapons at the enemy.
  5. to direct (a film)
  6. (reflexive, se diriger) To go towards; to head (for)
    Le camion se dirige vers la falaise.
    The truck is heading for the cliff.

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle dirigeant
/di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
past participle dirigé
/di.ʁi.ʒe/
infinitive
simple diriger
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple dirigeant
/di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/		 diriges
/di.ʁiʒ/		 dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/		 dirigeons
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/		 dirigez
/di.ʁi.ʒe/		 dirigent
/di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect dirigeais
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/		 dirigeais
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/		 dirigeait
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/		 dirigions
/di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/		 dirigiez
/di.ʁi.ʒje/		 dirigeaient
/di.ʁi.ʒɛ/
past historic2 dirigeai
/di.ʁi.ʒe/		 dirigeas
/di.ʁi.ʒa/		 dirigea
/di.ʁi.ʒa/		 dirigeâmes
/di.ʁi.ʒam/		 dirigeâtes
/di.ʁi.ʒat/		 dirigèrent
/di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/
future dirigerai
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/		 dirigeras
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/		 dirigera
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/		 dirigerons
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/		 dirigerez
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/		 dirigeront
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional dirigerais
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/		 dirigerais
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/		 dirigerait
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/		 dirigerions
/di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/		 dirigeriez
/di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/		 dirigeraient
/di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/		 diriges
/di.ʁiʒ/		 dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/		 dirigions
/di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/		 dirigiez
/di.ʁi.ʒje/		 dirigent
/di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect2 dirigeasse
/di.ʁi.ʒas/		 dirigeasses
/di.ʁi.ʒas/		 dirigeât
/di.ʁi.ʒa/		 dirigeassions
/di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/		 dirigeassiez
/di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/		 dirigeassent
/di.ʁi.ʒas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dirige
/di.ʁiʒ/		 — dirigeons
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/		 dirigez
/di.ʁi.ʒe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written dirige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of se diriger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle se dirigeant
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
past participle dirigé
/di.ʁi.ʒe/
infinitive
simple se diriger
compound s'être + past participle
gerund1
simple se dirigeant
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɑ̃/
compound s'étant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present me dirige
/mə di.ʁiʒ/		 te diriges
/tə di.ʁiʒ/		 se dirige
/sə di.ʁiʒ/		 nous dirigeons
/nu di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃/		 vous dirigez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒe/		 se dirigent
/sə di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect me dirigeais
/mə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/		 te dirigeais
/tə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/		 se dirigeait
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/		 nous dirigions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/		 vous dirigiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒje/		 se dirigeaient
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛ/
past historic2 me dirigeai
/mə di.ʁi.ʒe/		 te dirigeas
/tə di.ʁi.ʒa/		 se dirigea
/sə di.ʁi.ʒa/		 nous dirigeâmes
/nu di.ʁi.ʒam/		 vous dirigeâtes
/vu di.ʁi.ʒat/		 se dirigèrent
/sə di.ʁi.ʒɛʁ/
future me dirigerai
/mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/		 te dirigeras
/tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/		 se dirigera
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁa/		 nous dirigerons
/nu di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/		 vous dirigerez
/vu di.ʁiʒ.ʁe/		 se dirigeront
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional me dirigerais
/mə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/		 te dirigerais
/tə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/		 se dirigerait
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/		 nous dirigerions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/		 vous dirigeriez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒə.ʁje/		 se dirigeraient
/sə di.ʁiʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of s'être + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of s'être + past participle
future perfect future of s'être + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of s'être + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present me dirige
/mə di.ʁiʒ/		 te diriges
/tə di.ʁiʒ/		 se dirige
/sə di.ʁiʒ/		 nous dirigions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒjɔ̃/		 vous dirigiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒje/		 se dirigent
/sə di.ʁiʒ/
imperfect2 me dirigeasse
/mə di.ʁi.ʒas/		 te dirigeasses
/tə di.ʁi.ʒas/		 se dirigeât
/sə di.ʁi.ʒa/		 nous dirigeassions
/nu di.ʁi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/		 vous dirigeassiez
/vu di.ʁi.ʒa.sje/		 se dirigeassent
/sə di.ʁi.ʒas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of s'être + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — dirige-toi
/di.ʁiʒ.twa/		 — dirigeons-nous
/di.ʁi.ʒɔ̃.nu/		 dirigez-vous
/di.ʁi.ʒe.vu/		 —
compound — simple imperative of s'être + past participle — simple imperative of s'être + past participle simple imperative of s'être + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Descendants

See also

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

diriger

  1. imperative of dirigere
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