claimant

Old French and Anglo-Norman clamant, present participle of the verb clamer and its variants, from Latin clāmō (“to cry out”).

claimant (plural claimants)

1. One who claims; one who makes a claim.
   • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 2, in The Tremarn Case‎:

     “Two or three months more went by ; the public were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this semi-exotic claimant to an English peerage, and sensations, surpassing those of the Tichbourne case, were looked forward to with palpitating interest. […]”

2. (Britain) A person receiving money from the government, in a form of unemployment benefits, disability benefits or similar.
3. (law) The party who initiates a lawsuit before a court.

• calamint