< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xudъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ksowdós, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *ksew- (“to scratch, to shave”), from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch, to shave”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, minute”) and akin to Lithuanian skùsti (“to shave”), Ancient Greek ξύω (xúō, “to shave”), Latin saucius (“hurt, wounded”), Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣurá, “razor”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *xudъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xudъ | *xuda | *xudo |
| Accusative | *xudъ | *xudǫ | *xudo |
| Genitive | *xuda | *xudy | *xuda |
| Locative | *xudě | *xudě | *xudě |
| Dative | *xudu | *xudě | *xudu |
| Instrumental | *xudomь | *xudojǫ | *xudomь |
| Vocative | *xude | *xudo | *xudo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| Accusative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| Genitive | *xudu | *xudu | *xudu |
| Locative | *xudu | *xudu | *xudu |
| Dative | *xudoma | *xudama | *xudoma |
| Instrumental | *xudoma | *xudama | *xudoma |
| Vocative | *xuda | *xudě | *xudě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xudi | *xudy | *xuda |
| Accusative | *xudy | *xudy | *xuda |
| Genitive | *xudъ | *xudъ | *xudъ |
| Locative | *xuděxъ | *xudaxъ | *xuděxъ |
| Dative | *xudomъ | *xudamъ | *xudomъ |
| Instrumental | *xudy | *xudami | *xudy |
| Vocative | *xudi | *xudy | *xuda |
Definite declension of *xudъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *xudъjь | *xudaja | *xudoje |
| Accusative | *xudъjь | *xudǫjǫ | *xudoje |
| Genitive | *xudajego | *xudyję | *xudajego |
| Locative | *xudějemь | *xuději | *xudějemь |
| Dative | *xudujemu | *xuději | *xudujemu |
| Instrumental | *xudyjimi | *xudǫjǫ | *xudyjimi |
| Vocative | *xudъjь | *xudaja | *xudoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| Accusative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| Genitive | *xuduju | *xuduju | *xuduju |
| Locative | *xuduju | *xuduju | *xuduju |
| Dative | *xudyjima | *xudyjima | *xudyjima |
| Instrumental | *xudyjima | *xudyjima | *xudyjima |
| Vocative | *xudaja | *xuději | *xuději |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *xudiji | *xudyję | *xudaja |
| Accusative | *xudyję | *xudyję | *xudaja |
| Genitive | *xudъjixъ | *xudъjixъ | *xudъjixъ |
| Locative | *xudyjixъ | *xudyjixъ | *xudyjixъ |
| Dative | *xudyjimъ | *xudyjimъ | *xudyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *xudyjimi | *xudyjimi | *xudyjimi |
| Vocative | *xudiji | *xudyję | *xudaja |
Derived terms
- *xuditi (“to vilify, to reproach”)
- *xuděti (“to thin, to lose weight”)
- *xudoba (“malice, dishonesty”)
- *xudota (“evil”)
- *xudostь (“poverty, misery”)
- *xudina (“poor thing”)
- *xudežь (“poor, miserable creature/person”)
- *xudьcь (“coward, cracker”)
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “худо́й”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xudъ(jь)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 111
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “xudъ xuda xudo”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c dårlig, mager (SA 114; PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “hȗd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*xȗdъ”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xȗdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
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